<p>The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State of Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house went through various owners after the Brittan family, and was eventually acquired by Old Alabama Town in 1994. Old Alabama Town is a partnership of the Landmarks Foundation of Montgomery and City of Montgomery. It was founded in 1967. Many of its more than fifty authentically restored 19th and early 20th century structures from around the state are clustered together into a village-like grouping that operates as a living history museum. They have restored the Patrick Henry Brittan House, and, unlike many of Old Alabama Town&#39;s rescued properties, it remains on its original site.</p><br>
<p>Hanford Mills Museum, also known as Kelso Mill, is a historic grist mill and sawmill and national historic district located at East Meredith, New York in Delaware County, New York. The district contains nine contributing buildings and three contributing structures. The complex includes both natural and structural facilities. It includes a mill race from Kortright Creek to the damned up Mill Pond which supplies the waterwheel, a spillway for the pond&#39;s overflow, a section of old New York Central Railroad track, two railroad bridges crossing Kortright Creek, and a variety of buildings. The main structure is a mill building dating to the 1820s with additions from the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s. The four story wood frame structure is approximately 150 feet long and 120 feet high. Also on the property is a one-story depot building with grain elevator and storage facilities. It is now operated as a museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Postojna Gate , named after the local town of Postojna, is a major mountain pass of the Dinaric Alps. It lies in southwestern Slovenia, between the Hrušica Plateau to the north and the Javornik Hills to the south, at an elevation of 610 m. It formed due to tectonic subsidence and fluvial erosion by the Pivka River, which in the Pliocene flew superficially in this section. The terrain is significantly karstified. This relatively wide pass enables for the easiest passage from northearn Italy and northwestern Adriatic Sea to the Pannonian Plain, and had a very important strategic role in the past. Today, a rail line and the Slovenian A1 freeway traverse it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The gate was used by a section of the Amber Road that connected the Baltic lands with the Adriatic. It has been proposed that the voyage of the Argonauts is based on the possibility to travel the Danube, the Sava, and the Ljubljanica rivers upstream, cross the Postojna Gate, and come to the Adriatic Sea downstream on the western side.</p><br>
<p>It was the central part of the ancient Illyro-Italic (or Italo-Illyrian) Gate between the southeastern Alps and the Kvarner Gulf, connecting northern Italy to the west and the Pannonian Plain to the east. The Romans were well aware that their core territory was threatened by easy access through the Postojna Gate and they created a network of strategic roads, fortifications, and walls, the Claustra Alpium Iuliarum, to stop possible invaders. At the center of these fortifications was the fortress of Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum in the Vipava Valley controlling the Roman road between Aquileia and Emona.</p><br>
<p>The Illyro-Italic Gate was nonetheless crossed by the Alemanni, the Goths, and the Huns. By about 600, Slavs populated the area and crossed the gate to enter the Istrian peninsula. In the Middle Ages several castles were built in vicinity, including Predjama Castle, Prem Castle, and Sovič Castle.</p><br>
<p>In modern times, the gap was crossed by the Austrian Southern Railway (Südbahn), the railway that was built between 1839 and 1857 to connect Vienna via Ljubljana to Trieste.</p><br>
<p>Puncak Mandala  is a mountain located in Papua, Indonesia. At 4,760 m, it is the highest point of the Jayawijaya  Range. Following Mount Carstensz  350 km to the west, Mandala is the second highest freestanding mountain of Oceania, Australasia, New Guinea and Indonesia.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mandala is one of the three high massifs of Western New Guinea, together with the Cartstensz and Trikora complexes. This peak used to have an ice cap, but it was last seen in 1989 and by 2003 it was totally gone. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data, this peak is likely higher than Puncak Trikora, which lost its icecap in about 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Climbers from the Dutch 1959 expedition to the Star Mountains reached the peak of Puncak Mandala on 9 September.</p><br>
<p>The Col de Bretolet is a mountain pass in the Swiss Alps in the canton of Valais, close to the border between Switzerland and the French department of Haute-Savoie. It lies above the village of Champéry at an altitude of 1923 m asl within a 567 ha nature reserve  set aside for the protection and study of migratory birds. It contains a bird ringing station operated by the Sempach Bird Observatory .</p><br>
<h2>Bird research</h2><br>
<p>The Col de Bretolet is located on a bird migration route through which many thousands of birds pass, especially from early August to late October, with many travelling at night. In 1958 a long-term bird ringing program began in order to monitor autumn migration in the Swiss Alps and study energy metabolism, passerine moult and changes in migration patterns in relation to global climate change, as well as documenting irruptions of jays, tits and finches, comparing data with other ringing sites elsewhere and educating ringers.</p><br>
<p>Birds are caught both by day and at night in mist nets as they fly through the pass. On foggy nights the birds are attracted to the nets with the use of bright lights. As well as birds, bats are caught, and the pass is also well known for the migration of insects, notably moths and hoverflies.</p><br>
<p>The former District School No. 14 building is located on Academy Street in Pine Hill, New York, United States. It is a concrete-sided frame building erected in the mid-1920s.</p><br>
<p>It replaced an 1880s school on the site that had burned down. Architecturally it combines the Colonial Revival and American Craftsman styles, both popular at the time it was built. Its interior layout also reflects changes in school building standards issued by New York&#39;s Education Department in 1910 that ended the one-room schoolhouse era in rural areas such as that section of the Catskills.</p><br>
<p>Classes were held there until 1960, when all the small local school districts in that area of western Ulster County were centralized. Afterwards it went through a variety of commercial reuses. Later it was transferred to the Town of Shandaken, which has converted it into the local historical museum known as the Town of Shandaken Historical Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Pine Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The school is located on the east side of Academy Street a short distance south of state highway NY 28. The ground slopes down to the east. The neighborhood is mostly residential, with homes on lots with mature tree cover. A short distance to the southeast is the Morton Memorial Library and Elm Street Stone Arch Bridge, both also listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a five-by-three-bay two-story structure on a raised concrete foundation. It is faced in flat boards covered in stucco and wire lath. The peaked roof is covered in asphalt shingles and pierced by a small octagonal belfry.</p><br>
<p>On the west (front) facade is a full-width projection a single bay deep, with a gabled central entrance bay projecting from it. Its roof has broad eaves supported by knee brackets. The rear has a projecting entrance at ground level, where the slope exposes the entire basement.</p><br>
<p>The main entrances glazed double doors are framed in a Colonial Revival surround topped by a round-arched Palladian-style light. They open into an entrance vestibule with stairs leading to both the basement and upper story. The former, a gymnasium/auditorium, remains intact. In the latter, classroom walls have been removed to create an open space more in keeping with the buildings current use. Flooring throughout the interior is the original maple tongue and groove planking. The walls and 12-foot (4 m) ceilings also retain their original plaster on lath.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What was known at the time as the District 10 school had been on the Academy Street site since 1884, when a local resident, Richard Hill, deeded the land to the district for that purpose. That building was located on the southeast corner of the site, just east of the present building.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, it burned down. The community decided to rebuild on the site. The new school would be known as the District 14 school due to administrative changes to the area&#39;s districting.</p><br>
<p>A new building was authorized in 1924. Thomas Storey, a builder from nearby Arkville, was hired for the job. He finished it in May 1925, at a cost of $23,000 ($ in contemporary dollars), $3,000 over the amount originally budgeted and five months after his original expected date of completion. Classes were held in the building starting that September.</p><br>
<p>Its design combines two then-popular architectural styles. The hipped roof, belfry and entrance are hallmarks of the Colonial Revival style, while the brackets, exposed rafters, six-over-one sash windows and stucco finish are associated with the American Craftsman movement.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design was also affected by new standards the state put out in 1910 for school buildings. These led many rural communities to abandon traditional one-room schoolhouses in favor of slightly larger multi-purpose buildings with several rooms that could be used for different educational purposes. They were meant to use natural lighting as much as possible, hence the high ceilings. The exterior stucco finish and interior plaster also met a new state requirement that frame structures be enclosed in incombustible material, adopted in the wake of the 1908 Collinwood school fire near Cleveland, which killed 175, most of them students.</p><br>
<p>The school stayed in use until 1960, when the small rural districts in the area were consolidated into what is today the Onteora Central School District. Four years later, the district transferred it to the then-village of Pine Hill, which used it for a while as a youth center. Later it would be used privately, serving as a coat manufacturing center and furniture repair shop. For those purposes, the walls upstairs were removed.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, when Pine Hill&#39;s residents voted to dissolve the village, title reverted to the Town of Shandaken, which eventually allowed its historical society to move in and start the museum which continues in operation.</p><br>
<p>Hubbell Family Farm and Kellys Corners Cemetery is a historic farm complex, cemetery, and national historic district located at Kellys Corners, Delaware County, New York. The district contains 19 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and four contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Hubbell family farmhouses (1925 and 1894–1895), poultry house (1890s), chicken house (1920s), woodworking shop (1930s), Keene residence, blacksmith shop (1880s), playhouse (mid-1930s), garage (1900), wagon house, "Cornell approved" business outhouse (c. 1910), privy (ca. 1850s), laundry / wood house (ca. 1900), carriage house (ca. 1860-1870), Milow Hubbell residence (pre 1848), office / machine shop / hardware store (1884–2001), lumber and cement storage and scales (pre-1900), dairy barn (1858) with silo and milk house, root cellar and tool shed, saw mill / cider mill (1850s-1860s), former ice house (now sap house), and powder magazine. The cemetery includes about 150 burials that date back to 1875.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Vindija Cave is an archaeological site associated with Neanderthals and modern humans, located in the municipality of Donja Voća, northern Croatia. Three of these Neanderthals were selected as the primary sources for the first draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome project.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cave is located roughly 20 km west of the city of Varaždin and 10 km north of Ivanec. It is estimated that Neanderthals used the cave 40,000 years ago; approximately, 8000 years before modern humans lived in that part of Europe.</p><br>
<p>The hominid specimens at level 3G are regarded as unquestionably Neanderthal in overall morphology but exhibit a number of traits that sit closer to anatomically modern Europeans than to the traditional Neanderthal. These include a thinner and less projecting brow ridge, reduced facial size, and narrower front teeth. Though some have put these differences down to the small size of the Vindija individuals, a study conducted in 1995 established that the Vindija Neanderthals, though small, were of comparable size to more morphologically classic Neanderthals such as La Ferassie 2, Shanidar 1 and 4, and Tabun 1. More likely, the Vindija Neanderthals were in transition from the classic robust form to a more gracile one.</p><br>
<h2>Dating</h2><br>
<p>The Neanderthal remains at Vindija were found in a Mousterian context; some of the remains occurred in a level with some mixed Aurignacian artefacts. Several of the Neanderthal samples from Vindija also yielded surprisingly late dates when directed dated, yielding dates as late as 28,000–29,000 BP. This led to suggestions that Neanderthals might have survived longer than previously thought and that the Neanderthals at Vindija might have lived concurrently with modern humans. However, later dating methods using more advanced techniques revealed that these earlier dating results were erroneous. The erroneous dates were due to contamination by modern carbon, as minute amounts of modern contamination may result in large errors for very old samples.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, researchers from the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit applied a new technique using AMS ultrafiltration based on the extraction of hydroxyproline to directly date several samples from Vindija Cave. Their direct AMS dating results show that the Neanderthal finds at Vindija are older than 44,000 BP. Since this is earlier than the arrival of the first modern humans to the region, the Vindija Neanderthals most likely did not intermix with modern humans.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeogenetics</h2><br>
<p>In 2010, the first draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome was reconstructed primarily from three low coverage genomes from Vindija Cave, taken from Vindija 33.16, Vindija 33.25 and Vindija 33.26.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, researchers successfully sequenced a high coverage genome from Vindija 33.19. At around 30-fold coverage, Vindija 33.19 is the second high coverage Neanderthal genome to be sequenced, after the Altai Neanderthal from Denisova Cave.</p><br>
<p>Modern humans share more alleles with Vindija 33.19 and Mezmaiskaya 1 from Mezmaiskaya cave than with the Altai Neanderthal. With the addition of the Vindija 33.19 genome, researchers revised upwards the percentage of human DNA in non-Africans introgressed from Neanderthals and were able to identify additional phenotypic variants in humans that are derived from Neanderthals.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, researchers applied collagen peptide mass fingerprinting, Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), to sort through several unidentified fossil fragments recovered from Vindija Cave. They successfully identified a new Neanderthal fossil fragment, Vindija *28.</p><br>
<p>Most of the fossil fragments that were identifiable by ZooMS were classified as belonging to Ursus. In 2017, researchers tested a soil sample from Vindija for mtDNA. Most of the classifiable mtDNA was ascribed to Ursus, coming predominately from Ursus ingressus.</p><br>
<p>Main Avenue Historic District in Durango, Colorado is a 34 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>According to its 1980 NRHP nomination, it was deemed significant "because it represents the essence and core of both the evolution and development of business and commerce in the most important town in southwestern Colorado."</p><br>
<p>In 1980 it included 104 buildings: 86 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area, 12 non-contributing but compatible modern buildings, and 6 negative intrusions. It was felt that "together these buildings still maintain the feelings, associations, and ambiance of a turn-of-the-century commercial district."</p><br>
<p>The nine buildings then deemed most important are:</p><br>
<p>(on the odd side)</p><br>
<p>Gold Slipper (1900), 645 Main, originally built as an Adolph Coors bottling plant</p><br>
<p>Strater Hotel (1887), 699 Main, an architecturally eclectic Victorian four-story building</p><br>
<p>Main Mall, 835 Main, a modern building designed compatibly which holds about 35 businesses, which replaced several buildings destroyed in a 1975 fire.</p><br>
<p>Newman Block (1897), at 801-813 Main Ave., which was separately listed on the NRHP in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Gardenswartz Building (1901), 871 Main</p><br>
<p>Central Hotel (1899), 975 Main</p><br>
<p>Main Street Furnishings (1889), 1015 Main</p><br>
<p>and on the even side</p><br>
<p>Burns Bank (1892), 900 Main</p><br>
<p>Old Post Office Building (1928), 1090-8 Main</p><br>
<p>Others include:</p><br>
<p>Palmer House hotel</p><br>
<p>First National Bank (1892), 901 Main Ave.</p><br>
<p>Woolworths (1859)</p><br>
<p>Amanzimtoti River, , is a short river in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, that originates northwest of Adams Mission, and flows through the town of Amanzimtoti, South Africa. The N2 crosses the river just before its mouth at the Indian Ocean. .</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Zulu king Shaka is said to have named the river after drinking the waters and exclaiming in isiZulu "Kanti amanzi mtoti" meaning "So, the water is sweet". The river came to be known to English speakers as Amanzimtoti ("Sweet Waters"). The Zulu word for "sweet" is mnandi, but Shakas mother had the name Nandi, so he is said to have invented the word toti&#39; to replace mnandi, so as not to wear out her name.</p><br>
<p>Recently it has been proposed to officially change the name to Manzamtoti to more accurately reflect the isiZulu pronunciation and spelling, though many Amanzimtoti residents still refer to the river as Amanzimtoti River, Manzimtoti River or simply Toti River.</p><br>
<p>A recent alternative, and unpopular, suggestion for the origin of the name of the river is in the isiZulu word udoti meaning dirt, which fits more closely with toti, and that the name actually means "Dirty Water".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The river was once flanked by extensive marsh-lands and reed-beds, but these were filled in to build the town centre and a rubbish dump. The rubbish dump was later covered over and developed into sports fields.</p><br>
<p>At one time it was possible to travel by boat from the town centre to the River Gardens Hotel, which was a popular Sunday activity. Siltation eventually made this impossible, until the river was dredged a number of times in the 1990s. However the dredging process was seen by some conservationists as destructive, and by others as expensive. The river has once again silted to a large extent.</p><br>
<p>The river is now flanked in a portion by a nature reserve called Ilanda Wilds. The river and nature reserve are home to a number of rare and endangered species, and high biodiversity compared to the size of the area.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Chapel, is a non-denominational church that was originally built in 1847 at Roberts Settlement, one of Indiana&#39;s early black pioneer communities. The rural church, whose main building dates from 1858, is located near the present-day town of Atlanta in rural Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana. The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Roberts Chapel originated as a Methodist congregation named Mount Pleasant, which was established in 1838 at Roberts Settlement in rural northwestern Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana. The rural farming community was named in reference to the large contingent of residents who had the surname of Roberts. Most of its settlers were free blacks and mixed-race people who migrated from Beech Settlement in Ripley Township, Rush County, Indiana. The majority of these early pioneers had migrated to Indiana from eastern North Carolina and Virginia due to more oppressive government acts against free blacks following Nat Turner&#39;s slave rebellion in 1831. Some of them initially settled in Ohio, before continuing west. A small number of free blacks who resided in Beech Settlement had come with Quaker families from the Old South. Other early settlers were ex-slaves.</p><br>
<p>The settlements Methodist congregation built a log meetinghouse in 1847 on land donated by Elias and Mariah Roberts. Located in the center of the Roberts neighborhood, the meetinghouse served as the center of the communitys educational, social, and religious life. After briefly aligning with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the congregation joined the Weslayan Methodist Connection in the late 1840s.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Settlement&#39;s population peaked in the late 1800s at nearly 400 individuals; however, by 1900 the neighborhood began to decline. Fewer than six families remained by the mid-1920s. As its membership declined, the congregation withdrew its affiliation with the Wesleyan Methodist Church and became a non-denominational congregation.</p><br>
<p>Roberts Settlement no longer exists as a self-contained community. The chapel and its adjacent cemetery are among the few significant structures that remain. Friends and the descendants of the families who once lived in the settlement have gathered at the chapel for annual reunions since 1925. The community also retains its family association to preserve the neighborhood&#39;s heritage. Roberts Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main portion of the chapel, which has a gable façade, was constructed in 1858; a three-story belfry was added in 1916. The cemetery located north of the church was laid out in 1831; the first burial occurred there in 1843.</p><br>
<p>The Garden District is a 315 acre historic district in Montgomery, Alabama.</p><br>
<p>Garden District is roughly bounded by Norman Bridge Road, Court Street, Jeff Davis Avenue, and Fairview Avenue. It contains 678 contributing buildings with architecture including the Queen Anne, Classical Revival and American Craftsman styles. When listed, the district included 678 contributing buildings and 81 non-contributing buildings. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It includes work designed by multiple architects, including one or more works by Ralph Adams Cram. It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian, and Bungalow, and other architecture.</p><br>
<p>Examples of architecture within the Garden District:</p><br>
<p>Canal Town Museum is a former bakery and residence now housing a museum and located at Canastota in Madison County, New York. It was built about 1873 and is a small rectangular frame building surmounted by a low-pitched hipped roof. It is representative of the type of combined commercial / residential structures that once lined the canal basin in Canastota&#39;s central business district.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the award nominated "Title Town USA, Boxing in Upstate New York" by noted historian Mark Allen Baker was published by The History Press in 2010 and not only supports Canastota, New York as the center of Upstate New York&#39;s rich boxing heritage but also brings to life local folklore and history. The introduction was written by Edward P. Brophy Executive Director of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. The staff of the Canal Town Museum played an integral role in the publication.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Homburg Forest  also known as the Homburg Hills  is an area of upland up to in the north German state of Lower Saxony.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Homburg Forest is located in the district of Holzminden on the eastern flanks of the central line of the Weser Uplands between the uplands and ridges of the Hils to the northeast, the Elfas to the east, the Holzberg to the south, the Amtsberge to the south-southeast, the Solling to the south, Burgberg to the southwest and the Vogler to the northwest. It lies between the towns of Eschershausen to the north and Stadtoldendorf to the south; a section of the B 64 federal highway from Eschershausen to Einbeck runs past it to the west, north and east.</p><br>
<h3>Hills</h3><br>
<p>The hills of the Homburg Forest include (heights in metres above Normalnull; NN:</p><br>
<p>unnamed hill (406.1 m)</p><br>
<p>Großer Homburg (403 m; with the Homburg, incl. its castle tower)</p><br>
<p>Till (399.2 m)</p><br>
<p>Kohlenberg (396.7 m)</p><br>
<p>Stadtberg (369.2 m)</p><br>
<p>Wolfsberg (347.3 m)</p><br>
<p>Kellberg (343.1 m; with the Kellberg Tower, an observation tower; 20 m high)</p><br>
<p>Heidelberg (319.3 m)</p><br>
<p>Schiffberg (311.0 m)</p><br>
<h3>Rivers and streams</h3><br>
<p>The rivers and streams in and around the Homburg include:</p><br>
<p>Eber-/Forstbach (passes the Homburg Forest to the south; tributary of the Weser)</p><br>
<p>Lenne (passes the forest to the north and northeast; tributary of the Weser)</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>Amongst the places of interest, including natural and cultural monuments in the Homburg Forest are:</p><br>
<p>On the Großer Homburg (ca. ) stands the Homburg, a ruined castle from whose tower there is a good view of the area. Another good observation point is the Kellburg Tower (Kellburgturm, 20 m high) on the Kellberg hill (343,1 m) to the east of Stadtoldendorf. Also worth seeing is the abbey of Amelungsborn, which is west of the Homburg on the southern edge of Das Odfeld. Natural monuments include the Seven Brothers&#39; Beech (Sieben-Brüder-Buche) and the Tentrus Oak (Tentruseiche).</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Church of All Saints is a parish of the Catholic Church in the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in Keokuk, Iowa, United States, at 301 S. 9th Street. The church building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as St. Peter Church, the name of the congregation that built it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area of present-day Keokuk was within the Half-Breed Tract, land set aside by the United States Senate on January 18, 1825 for settlement of mixed-race descendants of the Sac and Fox tribes. Over the years, some of the women had married French trappers who worked the area, and their descendants were excluded from communal lands because their fathers lacked tribal status. Mixed-race families could live in the Half-Breed Tract but could not sell individual allotments until Congress changed the law in 1837.</p><br>
<p>In 1824 Bishop Louis Dubourg of New Orleans appointed the Rev. Charles Felix Van Quickenborne, SJ the Vicar General of Upper Louisiana, which included the Half-Breed Tract. He is the first priest known to have visited the area of present-day Keokuk, visiting in 1832 and 1833, after that section of Iowa was opened to settlement. He recommended a church be built, as he thought the funds could be easily raised. The next priest to visit the area was the Rev. Peter Paul Lefevere. He reported that the number of Catholics in the area numbered 38. In 1840 the Rev. Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, OP from St. Paul’s Church in Burlington added Keokuk to his missionary area. The same year the Rev. John George Alleman started visiting Keokuk regularly from St. Joseph’s in Fort Madison; however, he was unable to raise enough money to build a church. He would continue visiting the area until 1848.</p><br>
<p>The first parish established in the town was named St. John the Evangelist and was founded in 1844 by Rev. Lucien Galtier, who was named the first pastor in Keokuk. The church was a log structure built on the corner of Second and Blondeau Streets. The church was built by Hugh V. Gildea from Dubuque with the help of Father Galtier. A future historian of Keokuk, Virginia Wilcox Ivins, remembered seeing the "elegant" priest hammering on the church roof on a hot July day when she was twelve years old. It measured 20 by and was 12 ft high. It cost $598.37, and was paid for from funds received from the Society of the Propagation of the Faith. Galtier stayed only a few months, and Father Alleman had care of the Keokuk parish again. The Rev. Jean Villars became its pastor in 1848 and he stayed for nine years. The Rev. William Emonds was sent to Keokuk in 1855 to buy back property lost by the church. Instead he bought new property on which St. Peter’s Church was founded. By now there were quite a few German Catholics in Keokuk, who had immigrated after the 1848 Revolutions, and they wanted a priest who spoke their language. After 1857 St. Peter&#39;s became the only Catholic church in Keokuk. St. John the Evangelist was abandoned and Father Villars recalled. The cornerstone was laid for the original church on Exchange Street between Ninth and Tenth Streets on April 20, 1856.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary’s Church was established in 1867 to serve the pastoral needs of German immigrants. The parish built a red brick church north of St. Peter’s in 1911. St. Francis de Sales Church was begun in 1870 to serve the neighborhoods on the east side of town. All three parishes became part of the Davenport Diocese when it was established in 1881. St. Francis parish built a stone church in 1899, designed by James J. Egan who had earlier designed both Sacred Heart Cathedral in Davenport and St. Ambrose Cathedral in Des Moines.</p><br>
<p>As St. Peters grew the parish decided to relocate the church in 1872. Three lots were purchased at Ninth and Bank Streets. Plans for the new church building were completed in 1878 by Chicago architect William John Dillenburg, who had been an assistant architect in completing the Cologne Cathedral in Germany. He is also responsible for the Church of St. John the Baptist in Burlington, Iowa. Both All Saints and St. Johns are similar in design and were built at the same time. Ground was broken for the new structure in 1879, and its cornerstone was laid on June 12, 1881. Crowell and Worley of Keokuk served as the general contractors, Robert Burns of Keokuk was responsible for the carpentry, and Adam Mullen, of Chicago did the roof work.</p><br>
<p>The parish pastor, the Rev. Thomas O&#39;Reilly, underestimated the cost to build the church. As a result, it had to be built in stages over an extended period of time. The total cost of construction came in at $50,000. It was completed in 1885.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 Franciscan Sisters from Peoria, Illinois opened St. Joseph Hospital next to St. Mary’s Church. In 1975 it merged with Graham Hospital and became Keokuk Area Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The commission for the church’s solid marble altar was given to Joseph Conradi of St. Louis in 1904. The building’s foundations had to be reinforced to support the weight of the new altar. The baptistery was added to the sacristy area at the same time. The altar was dedicated on October 8, 1905.</p><br>
<p>Because of declining numbers of clergy in the diocese, and the declining population in Keokuk, the diocese decided to consolidate the three parishes into one. The Church of All Saints was established in 1982. It was at this time that the Chapel of the Angels was added in the left sacristy area of the church. The chapel used the angel statues that flanked the high altar at St. Mary’s, the pews from St. Francis de Sales, as well as other elements from the three churches. The Blessed Sacrament is housed in the chapel, and it is used for weekday Masses and First Friday Adoration. The organ from St. Mary&#39;s was placed in the main church.</p><br>
<p>A Monument Garden is located near the chapel entrance behind the rectory. The cornerstones from the first St. Peters Church (1856), the second St. Marys Church (1911), the second St. Francis de Sales Church (1898), and St. Mary&#39;s School (1907) were refaced to designate All Saints parish.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Church of All Saints is an outstanding example late Gothic Revival style in the state of Iowa.</p><br>
<p>The 60 by structure follows a basilica plan. The exterior is composed of local clay brick, and magnesium limestone for the coping on the pilasters, window sills and buttresses. It rests on a foundation of rough coursed limestone. The verticality of the church is emphasized by its central tower that rises 180 ft and by the corner towers that are 75 ft tall. Stepped corbel tables are located below the eaves of the steeply pitched gable roof and horizontal corbelling is located at the central spire base. Above is an eight-sided offset tower that terminates in four gabled facades. In each of the four facades of the tower are pointed-arched louvers in the bellchamber. An eight-sided spire culminates in a cross.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations are six bays in length and are separated by buttresses. Each bay contains a 5 by paired lancet window. The church’s art glass windows were created in Munich, Germany and installed by the A. Misch Company of Chicago in 1884 at a cost of $3,300. The window on the central tower is 30 ft tall. It features quatrefoil, Latin cross and yin-yang-shaped lights that are set within rosette forms.</p><br>
<p>The interior is divided into three naves with vaulted ceilings that are divided by columns with capitals in the Corinthian order. A double gallery is located in the rear of the church. In the apse on the opposite side of the church is a carved white marble altar. The statue in the central tower of the reredos is that of Saint Peter, the church&#39;s patron saint at the time it was built. The lower level has statues of the Four Evangelists. The former altar frontal bears an image of the Lamb and the scroll with seven seals from the Book of Revelation. The Stations of the Cross that line the side walls came from Munich and were erected on February 28, 1892.</p><br>
<p>Alterations to the church include the replacement of the original wooden front doors with aluminum framed glass doors in 1968. Some of the art glass above the doors was also replaced by thin, clear, horizontal glass panels. A concrete ramp and new steps replaced the original stone steps in 1980. A new Reconciliation Room and a restroom replaced the original confessionals in the back of the church in 1982. The church was redecorated in the mid 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Catholic schools</h2><br>
<p>The first Catholic school was established in Keokuk by the Visitation Sisters in 1852. They opened a free school first. In 1853 they started a new convent and a select school for both boarders and day students. St. Peter’s Parish desired a parochial school, but the Visitation Sisters&#39; rule forbade them from teaching in parochial schools. The parish school was started by 1859, and the Rev. Louis DeCailly asked the School Sisters of Notre Dame to teach in the school. They taught there from 1861-1864. They withdrew from teaching when Father DeCailly wanted to start a high school for girls, and the Notre Dame Sisters felt it would infringe on the Visitation Academy.</p><br>
<p>Lay teachers took over the teaching responsibilities in the parish school. The Visitation Sisters left in 1867 because of financial problems that resulted from the building of a new school. The parish took over the school and the Daughters of Charity came to teach the same year. The common school and the select school were merged in 1877. The grade school was renamed St. Vincent’s. The Notre Dame Sisters came back to Keokuk and staffed the parochial school at St. Mary’s Church. St. Peter’s High School continued until a central Catholic high school named Cardinal Stritch was opened in 1965. The Daughters of Charity left Keokuk in 1996. Because of low enrollment and financial concerns, Cardinal Stritch consolidated with Holy Trinity High School in Fort Madison in 2006. St. Vincent&#39;s Elementary School, which includes preschool through fifth grade, moved into the former Cardinal Stritch building.</p><br>
<p>The Industrial Arts Building on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe, Arizona, later known as the Anthropology Building and now known as the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, was built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Industrial Arts Building was designed by L. G. Knipe of Phoenix, following the preliminary drawings of California architect Norman F. Marsh. Marsh&#39;s use of Neoclassical Revival architecture had already been demonstrated at such historic sites such as the Monroe School and Phoenix Union High School.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant in the history of what was then a normal school. It was the first west of College Avenue (which has since been turned into Cady Mall, a pedestrian mall through campus), and it also marked the expansion of the school&#39;s scope beyond teacher training.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Industrial Arts Building is shaped like the letter H, with two stories and a basement. The central entry is recessed 55 feet from the north and south wings, featuring a Neoclassical Revival pediment supported by four Doric columns. The building is faced with tan bricks.</p><br>
<p>Interior renovations in 1936 and 1973 have removed most of the original interior finishes.</p><br>
<p>Mount Maude is a mountain located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia on the Continental Divide. It was named in 1918 after Maude, Major General Sir Frederick Stanley. Major General Maude was a British commander who captured Baghdad during World War I. This mountain was first ascended in 1922 by G.R. Adams.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>It has an average elevation of 2,868m above sea level. The land area is not cultivated and most of the natural vegetation is still intact. The climate is classified as humid continental (humid with severe winter, no dry season with a polar desert biozone). This mountain can be ascended by hiking and route finding, however, it is very icy at parts. Mount Maude currently has no inhabitants. However, the nearest town, Kananaskis Village, has a population of 50,000, and is approximately 7 hours away by public transportation.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Mount Maude has distinct cold and warm seasons. July is usually the warmest month with an average temperature of 13.9°C and typically sunny skies. In contrast, January is the coldest month with an average temperature or -20°C at night. Winters at Mount Maude include prolonged freezing periods with sunrises around 7:55am and sunsets around 4:55pm. Earthquakes are experienced, on average, once every 50 years on Mount Maude ranking a 5/6 on the Richter Scale. This means that people living in the area will feel the quake and damage will be slight.</p><br>
<p>The former Eighth Precinct Police Station is a building located at 4150 Grand River Avenue in the Woodbridge Historic District of Detroit, Michigan. It is the second-oldest police building in Detroit, and was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The building now houses the Detroit Castle Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the west side of Detroit expanded in the late 1800s, city services followed. In 1873, a police precinct station was constructed at the corner of Michigan and Trumbull streets. This precinct, the Second, covered all of Detroit&#39;s west side beyond Fourth Street. As the area population increased, substations were constructed in the precinct, including, in 1879, a substation at the corner of what is now Grand River and Rosa Parks. This substation was demolished in 1900 to make way for the construction of the present building.</p><br>
<p>This building was designed by Louis Kamper and built between 1900 and 1901, for a cost of $46,000. In 1901, as part of a police department shakeup, the original Second Precinct headquarters on Trumball was closed and this building on Grand River became the new Second Precinct Headquarters. In 1903, the Second Precinct was divided, and the Grand River station became the headquarters of the new Sixth Precinct. In 1910, precincts were renumbered citywide, and the area became the Eighth Precinct. This station remained in service until 1954, when the precinct was closed.</p><br>
<p>After 1954, the Detroit Police Youth Bureau used the station as office space; the buildings were later used by the Detroit Police Personnel Division. In 2013, the building was converted to lofts, as part of the ongoing revitalization of Woodbridge.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Kamper designed the French Renaissance Châteauesque station as two structures connected by an arcade. The main building, used as office space, is a -story structure measuring seventy-two feet long by forty-five feet wide. The smaller building, initially used as a carriage house and later as a garage, is also a -story structure, and measures forty-six feet long by thirty feet wide. Both buildings are constructed of limestone on the first floor and brick on the second, and feature high pitched roofs, conically roofed towers, and elaborate stone dentils which give the impression, especially on the towers, of castle battlements.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance to the station is through a covered stone porch framed by three semi-circular arches supported by columns. A stone balustrade spans the porch. Six faces of individuals significant at the time the building was constructed decorate the capitals: Governor Hazen Pingree, Detroit mayor William Maybury and the four men who made up the Detroit Police Commission. Two conical roofed towers, flank the entrance. The windows in the towers have transoms and stone lintels, and the highest window in each tower features an elaborate stone hood-moulding. A wall dormer on the second story contains three rectangular windows with a circular window above, outlined in stone, framing a Maltese Cross.</p><br>
<p>The garage has a full tower on the western corner which is identical to the two on the main building. The main door is a double door with a semi-circular arch. The wall dormer on the second story is similar to that on the main building, but without the circular window above.</p><br>
<p>The Ulster House Hotel, formerly the Wellington Hotel, is located on Main Street in Pine Hill, New York, United States. It is a large wooden Italianate-style building dating to the late 19th century, currently vacant and undergoing renovations.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the few remaining hotel buildings from the peak era of Catskill resorts. In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The hotel is on a corner lot on the northeast of the intersection of Main and Academy streets, marking the west end of Pine Hill&#39;s small, quiet downtown. To the north and east are residential properties. The small Mosier Creek runs through the property, which slopes slightly downhill to the east.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a three-story six-by-three-bay frame structure on a stone foundation sided in clapboard. It has a rear wing, with a similar two-story wing of later construction to the north. Both have gabled roofs with similar treatments as the main roof&#39;s asphalt-shingled low hipped roof, topped with a cupola with three narrow round-arched windows and a similar hipped roof. The slope exposes the basement along the entire rear, providing for several entrances.</p><br>
<p>A wraparound porch with metal shed roof supported by round Colonial Revival columns runs the length of the south (front) and all of the west elevations. A low spindlework rail connects them. At the roofline are broad overhanging eaves supported by brackets on a molded cornice and simple frieze.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is in the center of the south facade. It is a pair of wood and glass paneled doors in a simple wooden surround with a toplight. It opens into a central hall with flanking parlors spanning the full depth of the main block. The moldings, wall finishes and parquet floor are original.</p><br>
<p>At the rear a door provides access to the rear wing. It has a central hall of its own and many original finishes. The second and third floors also have central halls. Like the simply decorated guest rooms, they, too, retain their original finishes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The small mountain town of Pine Hill became a destination for vacationers seeking the Catskills fresh mountain air and scenic views in 1872, when the Ulster and Delaware Railroad was completed through past the village. The hotel, known then as the Wellington, was built ten years later. A 1905 railroad travel guide describes it as having 152 rooms, making it the second largest hotel on the railroads route.</p><br>
<p>Later it fell into disuse when the Catskill resort industry declined in the mid-20th century with the rise of the automobile. It remains vacant today but intact and preserved.</p><br>
<p>The Park Avenue Hotel, was a hotel in the Cass Corridor of Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. It was also known as Salvation Army Harbor Light Center and is not to be confused with Park Avenue House, also once known as Park Avenue Hotel. The building was imploded on July 11, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Park Avenue was one of three former hotels located on Park Avenue and designed by Louis Kamper for Lew Tuller; the other two are the Eddystone at 100 Sproat St. (across Sproat from the Park Avenue Hotel) and the Royal Palm at 2305 Park Avenue which now operates as the Park Avenue House. All three were on the National Register of Historic Places, and the city council designated the property a municipal historic district in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Park Avenue Hotel was constructed in 1924, and contained 252 rooms. However, Tuller apparently overextended himself financially constructing hotels, and in 1928 lost all three hotels along Park Avenue. The Park Avenue Hotel continued to operate as a residential</p><br>
<p>hotel until 1957 when it was purchased by the Salvation Army and converted into a home for the aged.</p><br>
<p>However, the surrounding neighborhood steadily declined, and by the 1980s, the Salvation Army was using the hotel as their Harbor Light Center homeless shelter. Operations were moved in 2007, and the Salvation Army planned to sell the building to a developer. However, those plans fell through.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired by the development arm of Olympia Entertainment and the Detroit Historic District Commission approved its demolition to make room for the loading dock for Little Caesars Arena, which will become the home of the Detroit Red Wings and Detroit Pistons. It was imploded on July 11, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Park Avenue Hotel was a rectangular, thirteen story Renaissance Revival steel frame structure, clad with brick, limestone, and terra cotta. Smooth limestone covered the first three floors, forming a base, and buff-colored brick with limestone quoins were used above. There were decorative terra cotta window treatments on the 4th, 12th, and 13th floors, and a decorative terra cotta cornice topped the structure. The main facade exhibited a vast array of windows. The first floor contained the main entrance and storefront windows.</p><br>
<p>Pie Island, Ontario  is an island in Lake Superior about 12 km  long, 46 square kilometres in area, located about 10 km  south of Thunder Bay and 25 km  north of Isle Royale, Michigan. Pie Island is readily visible from the shoreline and high parts of the city of Thunder Bay.</p><br>
<p>When a municipality was created in 1873 by the Ontario Legislature to govern the settlements around Thunder Bay, Pie Island was included in the Municipality of Shuniah. It formed part of Island Ward until 1936 when the Island Ward was abolished by the Ontario Legislature.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of summer cottages located on the southern tip of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Name Le Pâté Mesa</h2><br>
<p>The English name Pie is an approximate translation of the French Le Pâté, which normally refers to a meat pie with a crust. "Le Pate is the westernmost mesa on Pie Island, and also the highest. Formed by a diabase sill, the mesa is cliffed on all sides and rises to a height of 1460 ft. (438 m) above sea level. Most of the mesa is flat on the top, but towards the edges begin to slope downwards. Also, there are several gullies which dissect the mountain top. Vegetation has been left to mature, owing to the inaccessibility of Pie Island to normal human traffic and the difficult climb to the top of the mesa. Wind is a major factor governing the height and form of vegetation on the mesa."</p><br>
<h2>Mining and Agriculture</h2><br>
<p>In the 19th century the island was extensively prospected for silver. Algoma M.P. Simon James Dawson had a mine there (location no 19). Augustine W. Daby of Massachusetts took charge of the Pie Island Silver Mining Company in July 1881 until its sale by sheriff in February 1884 and November 1885. John McKellar also mined there. Lawyer Francis Henry Keefer, a son-in-law of Daby, and his brother Thomas Keefer had a farm where they grew hay as early as 1888. Keefer Point and Dawson Bay on the island are named after the two politicians.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>A lighthouse was established here in 1895 at the west end of the island. In July 1904, the Dominion government relocated the lighthouse to the north point of the island so that it could be seen for a greater distance. It has been replaced with a light on a five-metre skeletal tower. The original lighthouse was demolished in the summer of 2010, after being abandoned since 1953.</p><br>
<h2>Fort William First Nation Land Claim</h2><br>
<p>Pie Island falls within the land claim of the Fort William First Nation, who were allocated reserve lands in the Robinson Treaty of 1850. Negotiations have been going on between Canada, Ontario and the First nation since 2000. Ontario is proposing to transfer the provincial Crown land on Flatland Island and Pie Island, including Le Pate Provincial Nature Reserve (250 ha), to Canada to be set apart as reserve for Fort William First Nation. Privately owned land would not be subject to the land claim.</p><br>
<p>Spruce Mountain, in eastern West Virginia, USA, is the highest ridge of the Allegheny Mountains. The "whale-backed" ridge extends for only about 16 mi, from northeast to southwest, but several of its peaks exceed 4,500 ft in elevation. The summit, Spruce Knob , is celebrated as the highest point in the state as well as the range, which covers parts of four states.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Spruce Mountain lies mostly within the Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area, a USA National Recreation Area (NRA) located within the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in Pendleton County. It extends from the vicinity of Onego in the north to near Cherry Grove in the south. Brushy Run separates Timber Ridge — a spur of the main mountain — to the east. The ridgelines of Spruce Mountain and Timber Ridge continue to the north of US Route 33 as Hoffman Ridge and Smith Mountain, respectively. To the south (south of West Virginia 28) the line continues as Big Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Prominent peaks of Spruce Mountain, north to south, are: Horse Rock (4536 ft; 1383 m), Spruce Mountain Peak (4586 ft; 1398 m), Picea Benchmark (4613 ft; 1406 m), and Spruce Knob itself. Spruce Knob is the highest point in the eastern United States between the Adirondacks of New York and Mount Rogers (part of the Blue Ridge Mountains) in southern Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>As with almost the entirety of the MNF, most of the original Spruce Mountain upland forest was completely denuded by logging around the turn of the 20th century and now consists of second- or third-growth forest. (The only documented exception to this on the Mountain is the 17 acre North Spruce Mountain Old Growth Site.</p><br>
<p>) The present second-growth forest of Spruce Mountain is characterized by a dominance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and yellow birch (Betula lutea). Other characteristic species of the mixed mesophytic forest region are also present: tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia heterophylla, T.floridana, T. neglecta), chestnut (Castanea dentata), yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava), red oak (Quercus borealis), white oak (Q. alba), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). The upper reaches of Spruce Mountain also include areas termed northern hardwood and northern evergreen forest types. The former is typified by red oak, white ash (Fraxinus americana), basswood (Tilia spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and cherry (Prunus spp.). The latter is dominated by the Mountain&#39;s eponymous red spruce (Picea rubens). While not extending above the timberline, the stunted tree growth high on this windy mountaintop is relatively open.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The important presence of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) on the Mountain has been acknowledged by the establishment of the 1,750 acre Spruce Mountain Grouse Management Area by the MNF</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Hiking trails — Huckleberry Trail, Lumberjack Trail, Spruce Mountain Trail — extend the length of the ridge. There are over 75 miles (121 km) of trails around the Mountain and a small 25 acre (10 ha) lake well stocked with trout on the west side. There are also two campgrounds on the Mountain; the larger (43 sites) is nearest the lake.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pétain is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia on the Continental Divide. It was named in 1918 after Marshal Philippe Pétain - at the time honored a war hero by Canadians as by other World War I Allies. The name was retained despite the later reversal in Pétain&#39;s reputation after his having been Head of State of Vichy France.</p><br>
<p>The snow-capped mountain can be reached from Height of the Rockies Provincial Park and Elk Lakes Provincial Park within British Columbia or Peter Lougheed Provincial Park in Alberta.</p><br>
<p>Beside the mountain several other geographical points are named for Pétain. Pétain Glacier is found next to Mount Joffre and Mount Pétain forming the Pétain Basin, with melt cascading down Pétain Creek Falls into the Pétain Creek below.</p><br>
<p>The Francis M. Drexel School was a historic school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Located along Sixteenth Street, the school was designed by Joseph Anschutz and built under the direction of Charles O&#39;Neill, Jr.</p><br>
<p>The school was named for Francis Martin Drexel, whose son, banker and philanthropist Anthony J. Drexel, founded Drexel University two years after the construction of the school.</p><br>
<h2>The school</h2><br>
<p>At the time of the Drexel Schools construction, Philadelphias school system had a decentralized administration, with Drexel being a part of the Twenty-sixth Section. The school buildings, however, were designed by the central administration.</p><br>
<p>The Drexel family was intensely involved with education at this time. Anthony J. Drexel, as the partner of J.P. Morgan, was an internationally important financier, and as the partner of George W. Childs, publisher of the Philadelphia Public Ledger, was influential in local affairs as well. He was a close friend of Childs, and together they worked to offer free or inexpensive education to the working class. According to Childs, Drexel gave "many munificent gifts to established educational and charitable institutions," as well as founding and endowing the Drexel Institute, which later became Drexel University. Drexel&#39;s orphaned niece, Katherine Drexel, sought advice from Childs and Drexel on her plans to become a nun in the service of educating Native Americans and African-Americans. This work led to her beatification by Pope John II. Two other nieces, Elizabeth Drexel Smith and Louise Drexel Morrell, founded and endowed the St. Francis Industrial School at Eddington, Pennsylvania in 1888., p. 159 The George W. Childs School, also designed by Anschutz, was built in 1894 just three blocks north of the Francis M. Drexel School.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1889,</p><br>
<p>Anschutz worked in the tradition of Samuel Sloans "Philadelphia Plan" of school architecture: On each floor, classrooms opened onto a single corridor, and were divided by moveable partitions. Coatrooms were provided in each classroom. Stairways and other non-classroom space were located at the end of the corridor, near the outside of the building. The architectural plans closely follow these principles. The schools windows were enlarged in 1914, and in 1922, lighting was changed from gas to electric.</p><br>
<p>Although it originally housed classes for both elementary and secondary students, Drexel was built at a time when school boards were beginning to open separate schools for different purposes. It remained in use by the Philadelphia Public Schools into the late twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition and demolition</h2><br>
<p>In 1986, the Francis Drexel School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its architectural significance. While many Philadelphia schools had been modeled on the Drexel School in the late nineteenth century, most had been destroyed or significantly remodeled; only Drexel and two other schools remained in a condition similar to that of their original construction. Fifty-two other Philadelphia schools, including five designed by Anschutz, were added to the Register on the same day as part of the Philadelphia Public Schools multiple property submission.</p><br>
<p>The Drexel School was demolished in February, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Isaiah Davenport house is a historic home in Savannah, Georgia, United States, built in 1820. It has been operated as a historic house museum by the Historic Savannah Foundation since 1963.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 324 East State Street, on the northwest corner of Columbia Square.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural style</h2><br>
<p>The Federal-style dwelling neared completion in 1820 and first appeared on the tax rolls 1821. Master builder Isaiah Davenport, a native of New England, designed and built the home as a dwelling for his growing household as well as a demonstration of his building skills.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1820 Federal-style dwelling was built by upwardly mobile artisan Isaiah Davenport and his crew for his growing household, which included his wife, children, and slaves. It was his family home until his death in 1827 when his wife, Sarah Clark Davenport, converted it into a boarding house. She lived in the residence on Columbia Square until 1840 when she sold it to the Baynard family of South Carolina. The house remained in their hands for the next 109 years. As time passed, the once stately home in a fashionable neighborhood became a rundown rooming house in a seedy part of town. Even in an advanced state of neglect, New Deal surveyors recognized the architectural significance of the home when they identified and measured it for the Historic American Buildings Survey in the 1930s. Threatened with demolition in 1955, a group of community-spirited citizens joined forces to purchase the Davenport House. This was the first act of the Historic Savannah Foundation, which has gone on to save hundreds buildings in the historic city through its renowned revolving loan fund and other historic preservation activities. In 1955, the Davenport House became the office for Historic Savannah Foundation as well as a family services agency. Sensing the potential for an historic site, the first floor of the house was restored and opened to the public as a museum on March 9, 1963. Years later the second and third floors were opened and Historic Savannah Foundation moved its offices to another building. Beginning in the mid-1980s leaders of the museum began an effort to adhere to professional museum standards. In the mid-1990s the museum began a re-restoration process, which resulted in a more authentic experience for museum visitors, including period wallpaper and period room furnishings which reflect the inventory taken at the time of Isaiah Davenport’s death in 1827.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport House was first opened as a museum in 1963. In 2005, The Davenport House Museum received the Preserve America Presidential Award. In 2010 it received the Georgia Governor&#39;s Award in the Humanities.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Motu Matakohe, also known as Matakohe or Limestone Island, is a 37 ha  island in the upper reaches of Whangarei Harbour, just off Onerahi, a seaside suburb of the city of Whangarei, Northland, New Zealand. Used for farming and industry for many years, the island is an example of ecological island restoration by a volunteer community group.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest known inhabitants of the island were Ngaitahuhu Māori who occupied it in the early 18th century. They were dispossessed and driven out of the Whangarei area in the mid 18th century by Ngāpuhi Māori led by Te Ponaharakeke.</p><br>
<p>The first European house on the island was built in 1832, though later destroyed. In 1848 the island was leased from the Parawhau hapū by Robert Carruth and Mathew Whitelaw who established a limeworks there, using the local limestone. In 1865 the island was purchased by Henry Walton from Te Tirarau and the Parawahau chiefs. The limeworks were extended and sheep were farmed. In 1881 the first batch of Portland cement was produced, with the limeworks becoming a major local industry employing 270 people at its peak in the early 20th century. The island was later purchased by the Northland Harbour Board and used as pasture for several decades. In 1989 it was given to the Whangarei District, following which the first conservation and rehabilitation work began.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological restoration</h2><br>
<p>The island is managed by the Friends of Matakohe-Limestone Island Society (FOMLI), which was incorporated in 1991. In 1996 David Wright was employed as the Resident Ranger to look after and maintain the island. In 1999 it was gazetted as a scenic reserve, with a floating dock constructed for public access. Restoration work has involved massive plantings of native plants as well as the reintroduction and translocation of animals previously lost to the island and the surrounding region.</p><br>
<h3>Invertebrates</h3><br>
<p>Invertebrates introduced from the mainland include weta, stick insects, and flax snails, the latter unsuccessfully so far. Adult weta have been found on the island well away from their release sites.</p><br>
<h3>Reptiles</h3><br>
<p>Various lizard species have either been reintroduced to the island, or are planned to be, some of which have shrinking distributions on the mainland. A pair of juvenile forest geckos were released in 2001, but have not been seen since. Shore skinks and ornate skinks have been introduced. The island is also suitable for tuatara.</p><br>
<h3>Kiwi</h3><br>
<p>From 2001, North Island brown kiwi have been introduced to the island. As part of the Department of Conservation&#39;s Operation Nest Egg Program numerous chicks have been released on the island because of its largely predator-free status. It has proved a safe place for them to grow to 1 kg or more in weight in 12–18 months, at which stage they are able to defend themselves from most predators and are released back to the mainland. Over the four years 2004–2007 a total of 47 kiwi chicks graduated from the island "crèche" and were returned to the mainland.</p><br>
<h3>Grey-faced petrel</h3><br>
<p>From 2004 to 2008 five transfers of grey-faced petrel chicks were made to the island to establish a new population of the species there. The method used was to obtain chicks from breeding colonies on Taranga (Hen Island), before they had left their nesting burrows, and transfer them to artificial burrows on Matakohe where they were fed until they fledged and departed. Over the five years of the project 152 chicks fledged successfully. The transferred chicks were banded and it is expected that the first birds should begin returning to Matakohe three to five years after fledging, to start prospecting for suitable nesting burrows and partners. Breeding may not occur until the petrels are seven years old.</p><br>
<h3>Exotic predators</h3><br>
<p>Possums, cats, rats and mustelids have been eradicated from the Island. However, due to the proximity of the mainland and easy access across mudflats at low tide, rats, stoats and weasels are still occasional visitors to the Island. Mice have not yet been successfully eradicated, though efforts to do so continue; meanwhile, numbers are kept low with the use of poison bait stations.</p><br>
<p>The Uptown Broadway Building is a historic three-story building at 4703&ndash;4715 North Broadway in Uptown, Chicago. Built in 1926, it was designed by Walter W. Ahlschlager and is known for its ornate terra-cotta facade, depicting ancient gods, rams heads, shields, helmets, birds, fruits, and trophies. Lynn Becker of the Chicago Reader has called the exterior "a riotous, Spanish-baroque-inspired hallucination". According to unconfirmed local legends, Al Capone operated a speakeasy in the buildings basement.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is also listed as part of the Uptown Square Historic District.</p><br>
<p>On December 31, 2013, the Kiss Kiss Cabaret announced they have chosen it for their new location.</p><br>
<p>The Moore-Lindsay House is a Queen Anne style Victorian historic house located in Norman, Oklahoma. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and now houses a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Moore-Lindsay House was built starting in 1899 by William and Agnes Moore. The couple spent $5,000 to build their 2,700 ft&sup2; "Princess Anne" style home, at a time when most new houses in the Oklahoma Territory were being built for about $400. The Moores, who had moved from St. Joseph, Missouri, invested in real estate and, in 1899, was named president of the Norman Building and Loan Association.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the year in which the Oklahoma Territory became the state of Oklahoma, the Moores moved to Oklahoma City. They sold the home to Harry and Daisy Lindsay. Daisy Lindsay was a niece of the Moores. Harry Lindsay was president of the Norman Grain and Milling Company. He also served on the Norman City Council and the Norman School Board. Daisy Lindsay was active in the Woman&#39;s Christian Temperance Union, the Norman Garden Club, and the literary club - the Old Regime Club.</p><br>
<p>The Lindsays had one child, Mary Agnes, who attended the University of Oklahoma and married Charles W. Wantland in 1911. Wantland played football under coach Bennie Owen, and after finishing his studies went on to be hired by Central State Normal School (now the University of Central Oklahoma) in Edmond, Oklahoma, to coach the schools football team. Wantland Stadium and Wantland Hall are both named for him.</p><br>
<p>The Lindsays remained in Norman, and Daisy Lindsay lived in the house until her death in 1951. After that time, the house was sold and divided into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The house was purchased by the city of Norman in 1973 and renovated for use as a museum. The structure is owned by the city of Norman, while the museum within it is operated by the non-profit Cleveland County Historical Society (CCHS).</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland County Historical Society, which was formed in 1967, now operates the museum. The museum is open Tuesday through Saturday of each week, from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. The historical society maintains a collection of some 5,000 rare books, photographs, and artifacts in an upstairs storage room within the museum. It is located at 508 N. Peters Ave., in Norman, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The Bevier House is located on Bevier Road in Gardiner, New York, United States. It is a frame house built in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the few remaining intact farmhouses in Gardiner from before the Civil War, with a decorative front facade and marbleized main staircase. In 1983 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a 42.6 acre farmstead on the south side of Bevier Road a short distance from Albany Post Road (Ulster County Route 9), just across from the Shawangunk Kill near where it drains into the Wallkill River. The farmstead property is mostly open, with outbuildings to the south and west. The land alongside the Shawangunk is wooded.</p><br>
<p>Structurally the house is a two-story five-by-three-bay frame building sided in clapboard with a gabled metal roof pierced by brick chimneys at the east and west ends. Two wings, one single-story and the other two, project from the south (rear) elevation. A porch with a flat metal roof runs across the middle three bays of the north facade.</p><br>
<p>The roofline has overhanging eaves supported by paired brackets with acorn pendants over a plain frieze. The porch roof has smaller, similar paired brackets, with its roof supported by square pillars with pilasters. Decorative arches and diamond pendants run between them. The windows have plain surrounds with flat shutters and drip-mold friezes.</p><br>
<p>A pilastered and recessed double-paneled glazed doorway in the center of the first floor leads to the central hall. The stairway is marbleized. The basement has exposed hewn ceiling beams wity a pulley for the butter churn once there. The attic&#39;s mortise and tenon framing is set at a wide angle and pegged without a ridge beam, a common practice in the middle of the 19th century. The two-story kitchen wing on the east has an early 20th-century kitchen on its second floor, with dry sink, hand pump and coal stove.</p><br>
<p>Outbuildings start with a single-story gabled barn to the south with a shed addition on its west. A gabled privy is adjacent. To the northwest, just off the road, is a gabled barn with a saltbox roof becoming part of the gabled extension on the northeast. All are considered contributing properties to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1853, Abraham Bevier bought property described as being southwest of the Shawangunk Kill, with tenements, from Levi van Keuren. He is described as the owner on an atlas published that year and again in 1858, suggesting the house had been built a few years prior, just around 1850. The two south wings, the most significant changes to it, were added around 1917. It has remained a private residence ever since, although the accompanying farm property has been subdivided to the current parcel.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Canastota is a historic post office building located at Canastota in Madison County, New York, United States. It is within the boundaries of the South Peterboro Street Commercial Historic District. It was designed and built in 1940, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one story, three bay steel frame building with facades of red brick laid in common bond in the Colonial Revival style. It features a gable roof crowned by a square, wooden cupola. The interior features a 1942 mural by Alison Mason Kingsbury titled The Onion Fields.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Faversham Almshouses are Grade II listed Almshouses in Faversham, Kent.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Almshouses for six widows were founded and endowed by Thomas Mendfield in 1614.</p><br>
<p>In 1721 Thomas Napleton founded and endowed houses for six men.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, Henry Wreight, local solicitor and former Mayor of Faversham, gave a bequest which enabled the rebuilding of the almshouses on a grand scale. The architects were Hooker and Wheeler of Brenchley, Kent and the rebuilding was complete by 1863. The builder was G W Chinnock Bros of Southampton.</p><br>
<p>The accommodation was modernised in 1982 at a cost of £ (about £ as of ).</p><br>
<h2>List of chaplains</h2><br>
<p>J.H. Talbot 1867 - 1870</p><br>
<p>William Francis Hobson 1870 – 1881</p><br>
<p>Henry Eldridge Curtis 1881 - ????</p><br>
<p>Joseph Henry Miles 1922 – 1930</p><br>
<p>Canon Tony Oehring</p><br>
<p>The Old Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Building, now known as the Bently Reserve, was the main headquarters building of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco for nearly sixty years. The building is located at 400 Sansome Street, in the Financial District of San Francisco. Designed by George W. Kelham, the building has an Ionic colonnade that is pure Beaux-Arts, while the upper building is in the new Moderne fashion of 1924. The banking lobby at the Sansome Street entrance contains a mural by Jules Guerin, the artist who created the palette for the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition. The Old Federal Reserve was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco relocated to larger facilities at 101 Market Street, and the 400 Sansome Street location was sold to private developers who rented out the space. Prominent law firm Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe was headquartered in the building until 2002, when the firm moved out of the space. The building is currently owned by private developers Bently Holdings, who currently rent the upper floors as office space. The Banking Hall and board rooms are booked for fundraisers, events, meetings, and conferences.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank opened for business in rented quarters at the rear of the Merchants National Bank on November 16, 1914, in order to meet the provisions of the Federal Reserve Act. This location was to be a temporary one, until a Federal Reserve building could be completed.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1918 a building site bounded by Sacramento, Sansome, Battery, and Commercial streets was purchased for the Federal Reserve’s future home; the lot measured 119.5 by. George Kelham, who had been the chief architect for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, was a prominent San Francisco architect who led the conservative wing of the San Francisco architectural establishment, was chosen to design the building. In 1919 construction was slated to begin, but delayed due to a shortage of labor and materials; however, the need for additional facilities had become so pressing that construction began in early 1920. The building was completed in 1924.</p><br>
<h3>Relocation of the Federal Reserve</h3><br>
<p>In 1983 the Federal Reserve Bank relocated to larger facilities at 101 Market Street, and the 400 Sansome Street location was sold to private developers.</p><br>
<p>John J. Balles, then the President of the San Francisco Federal Reserve, cited the need to consolidate departments as a reason for the move. In a press release, he said that “when the San Francisco Federal Bank opened for business in 1914, we had a staff of 21 people. Today, we have approximately 1,000 employees in San Francisco alone. They have spilled over into other downtown buildings from our main building at 400 Sansome, which we have occupied for more than half a century.”</p><br>
<h3>Private ownership</h3><br>
<p>After the Federal Reserve relocated, the 400 Sansome Street location was sold to private developers, and leased as office space until 1998, when Boston Properties purchased the building and began renting the Banking Hall for private events in addition to the office space. In 2004, the law firm Orrick, Herrington, & Sutcliffe moved out of the building, leaving it essentially vacant until Bently Holdings purchased it from Boston Properties in April 2005 for 46.8 million dollars.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Federal Reserve Bank Building is significant as the first structure built for the Federal Reserve System in San Francisco, and representative of the Federal Government’s association with monumental architecture at the beginning of the 20th century. It currently stands as an intact contributor to San Francisco’s important collection of classically designed banking halls, as well as an expression of the ideals of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. The building, with its row of free-standing eagles perched above the large entablature particularly expresses the federal presence.</p><br>
<p>The building has an Ionic colonnade that is pure Beaux-Arts, while the upper levels are in the new Moderne fashion of 1924. Inside, the Banking Hall was designed in a Temple style, and featured murals by Jules Guerin, who created the palette for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exhibition.</p><br>
<p>The foundation of the original building was designed to support an additional fourteen stories of offices.</p><br>
<h2>Art</h2><br>
<p>In an article for the San Francisco Examiner, Kelham outlined his views on the future of architecture, writing that “the influence of the Exposition’s architecture is going to be felt on the Pacific Coast. Hereafter the clients who contemplate erecting buildings both of a public and private character will bring their architects, sculptors and decorators together as a board and leave them free to evolve by their united efforts thoroughly harmonious plans.”</p><br>
<p>This collaborative process is dramatized at the Reserve; as the chief architect of the Exposition in 1915, Kelham had worked closely with its colorist, Jules Guérin, who had designed the murals for the Lincoln Memorial. Kelham chose Guerin to paint the mural “Traders of the Adriatic” that features prominently in the entrance to the main lobby. It is “a richly-colored mural that pays homage to the world of banking with its depiction of Venetian shipping merchants accepting receipts for goods on deposit.”</p><br>
<p>Two sculptures by New Realist artist Arman, Dionysus and Hermes were added to the Sansome Street entrance in 1990. Together, these pieces are recognized as a single work by the artist, “Hermes and Dyonisos: Mounument to Analysis.”</p><br>
<p>Encircled by a spiral stairway between the LeMeridien San Francisco and the Old Federal Reserve Bank Building on Commercial Street is a bronze sphere with black etchings, an untitled work by German artist Fritz Koenig. The work is similar in spirit to the artist&#39;s sculpture, The Sphere, at the World Trade Center. It is listed in the Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and LEED-CS certification</h2><br>
<p>Boston Properties, according to their 2004 SEC filing, posted only a.8 percent occupancy rate for this 150,000 ft&sup2; structure. After purchasing the Old Federal Reserve, Bently Holdings began a major renovation of the building’s interior in order to make it more appealing to tenants.</p><br>
<p>Special attention was paid to preserving the original Beaux-Arts style of the building, while applying modern technologies and sustainable design. New flooring was selected from renewable resources, and artificial lighting was designed to interact with natural sources. A daylight harvesting system was installed, and a Central Building Automation and Control Network was installed to monitor occupancy and vacancy status and adjust HVAC and lighting systems to conserve energy. In total, these control systems save the building 66% in lighting energy costs annually. The Bently Reserve’s multiple-pane windows have been part of the building since its construction in 1924, and allow abundant daylight into each room, another feature the lighting system capitalizes upon.</p><br>
<p>Spaces such as the Banking Hall were also restored to reflect modern technology and accentuate the building’s history. The chandeliers (designed by the architect himself) were meticulously restored, while at the same time state-of-the-art lighting was added to conserve energy. Hand-painted travertine walls were restored to their original state, and the Italian marble floors, doric columns, and grand staircase were reconditioned. The mural by Jules Guerin was also cleaned and preserved.</p><br>
<p>This renovation was carefully overseen by Bently Holdings, and managed by BCCI Builders. The Bently Reserve received silver certification in the National Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System for Core and Shell Development (LEED Silver CS) in December 2009.</p><br>
<h2>The Bently Reserve today</h2><br>
<p>Currently, the building’s upper floors are leased to notable tenants such as Smith Group, the Bar Association of San Francisco, and the Energy Foundation. Since purchasing the building in 2005, Bently Holdings owner Christopher Bently has cultivated a green environment by requiring all new tenants to design their office space at a minimum of LEED Silver Certified. One of these tenants, the Energy Foundation, became the first commercial space in San Francisco — and one of only thirteen worldwide — to receive LEED-CI Platinum Certification from the US Green Building Council.</p><br>
<p>Other technologies such as high-definition audio, on-demand video capture, digital videoconferencing, and high-speed Wi-Fi are available throughout the Bently Reserve. A highly secure fiber optic network is routed throughout the building for a completely segregated and secure network for both tenants and events.</p><br>
<p>The lower floors of the Bently Reserve are still rented for special events, business meetings, and conferences. These spaces are branded as one of San Francisco’s green special event venues, featuring a preferred list of eco-friendly third party vendors and caterers.</p><br>
<p>Two ships, the Apollo and the Niantic, that were scuttled during the California Gold Rush, still lie beneath the foundations of the Reserve. Two of the building’s meeting rooms are named after these vessels.</p><br>
<p>Red Mountain is a volcanic cinder cone located in the Coconino National Forest of northern Arizona, United States, 25 miles northwest of Flagstaff. It rises 1,000 ft above the surroundings terrain and is shaped like the letter "U", with its opening towards the west. Geological Survey  and Northern Arizona University scientists suggest that Red Mountain was formed in eruptions nearly 740,000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Red Mountain is a cinder cone in the San Francisco volcanic field that is noted for its red color and U shape when viewed from above. The cone was erupted from a volcanic vent that now sits under the intact material that comprises the U shape of the mountain. Overall, the pattern of volcanism is not symmetric about the vent suggesting either that lava was erupted under conditions of a strong west to east wind or late stage lava flows emanating from the vent may have rafted material out to the east. The origin of the large amphitheater that sits within the U is unclear. Predominate theories suggest it resulted from a steam eruption. This steam eruption may have resulted from the superheating of rainfall on cinders that were still hot. The well cemented cinders that make up the walls of the U may also result from interaction with rainwater. Chemical reactions driven by heated rainwater would also explain the variations in the color of the cinders.</p><br>
<p>The trail into the amphitheater contains small black grains that are often mistaken for Apache’s tears (obsidian). These grains are actually large crystals of pyroxene and amphibole.</p><br>
<p>The Girls Club in San Francisco, California, also known as Mission Neighborhood Capp St. Center, was built in 1911 in the Bay Area Tradition version of Shingle Style architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>According to its NRHP nomination:The Mission Neighborhood Capp Street Center is significant for the quality of its design and its role in the history of social movements in San Francisco. Built in 1911, the building is an excellent example of the First Bay Tradition. This regional interpretation of the Shingle Style was characterized by the use of shingles and stained wood and picturesque changes in spatial and axial arrangement.-&#39;" Its major practitioners were Ernest Coxhead, Willis Polk, Bernard Maybeck and Julia Morgan. The skillful execution of the design of the Mission Neighborhood Capp Street Center makes it a significant expression of this genre.</p><br>
<p>The building is a two-and-a-half-story wood frame structure. The 1911-built building with theatre was expanded by 1923 addition of a gymnasium, making a U-shaped complex. There is an inner courtyard and a brick alley way. The main entrance porch is capped with a Georgian-style broken pediment. The upper stories&#39; surface is dark brown shingles. The theatre has small stage, a beamed ceiling and a balcony level. After a fire in the 1940s a sprinkler system was added.</p><br>
<p>Hearthstone Castle in Danbury, Connecticut was built between 1895 and 1899. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It has also been known as Parks&#39; Castle and as The Castle. The property includes four contributing buildings and three other contributing structures. Today, the castle is owned by the City of Danbury and is located in Tarrywile Park. Hearthstone Castle is slated to be demolished due to safety concerns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First known as "Sanford Castle", Hearthstone was designed by architect Ernest G. W. Dietrich for its first owner, E. Starr Sanford, a noted portrait photographer. The castle was intended to be a honeymoon "cottage" for Sanfords wife. Sanford and his family owned the castle for only five years, before selling it in 1902 to Victor Buck, a retired New York industrialist. When the Buck family moved in, they renamed the castle "Bucks Castle." In 1910, Charles Darling Parks bought the neighboring Tarrywile Mansion from Dr. William C. Wiles. Later, in 1918, C. D. Parks then bought "Buck&#39;s Castle" for his oldest daughter, Irene Parks, as a wedding gift. During this time the castle was renamed "Hearthstone Castle." The name was possibly changed to this due to the eight fireplaces, which were all made out of stone, as was the rest of the castle.</p><br>
<p>All of the rock that was used to build the castle was quarried on site, and transported the short distance across the property on a small railroad, which was built solely for this purpose. All of the woodwork throughout the building of the castle was brought in from Italy. All of the wrought iron chandeliers, lamps, and wall sconces were made in Danbury by Cephas B. Rogers Co.</p><br>
<p>Irene Parks Jennings occupied the castle until her death in 1982. The last residents of the castle were her heirs, Richard and Constance Jennings. The Jenningses lived there from 1983 until March 1987, when the entire Tarrywile Estate was sold to the town of Danbury. Hearthstone Castle was declared a National Historic Place that same year.</p><br>
<p>The castle was not well maintained under Danbury&#39;s ownership, and the roof has since collapsed. In 2004, Tarrywile Park Authority and The City of Danbury approved two options for renovating the castle.</p><br>
<p>The first option involves developing the Castle into a three-season pavilion and observation tower. The plan includes stabilization and limited renovation of the castle to provide a kitchen facility for picnics, seating areas for picnics, creation of an observation tower to take advantage of the spectacular views afforded by the site and establishment of an educational area, historical exhibits and tourist information center. Efforts would include restoration of the historic landscape and garden design as well as expansion of the site&#39;s hiking and passive recreation facilities.</p><br>
<p>The second option includes the complete restoration of the castle and development of a fully functioning building with lodge areas, restaurant, museum, conference rooms, classrooms, wellness center, information desk, staff residence and gift shop. Restoration of the original gardens and expansion of the hiking trail system would also be undertaken. The restored castle and grounds would provide a major attraction and gathering place for the city, rescue a structure on the National Register of Historic Places and provide an ongoing source of operating income to the Tarrywile Park Authority.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Hearthstone Castle is a three-story, sixteen-room stone castle with associated outbuildings built between 1895 and 1899. It is located in a wooded setting at the crest of a hill to the east of Brushy Hill Road in Danbury, Connecticut. The complex is centered on the castle, which is essentially early Norman in form but incorporates elements of many periods of castle architecture as well as features commonly associated with styles of the late nineteenth century. Outbuildings, all Shingle style, include a caretaker&#39;s cottage, carriage house, pump-house, barn, woodshed and water tower, clustered on higher ground to the south of the main building.</p><br>
<p>The eminence upon which Hearthstone Castle is built is approximately 650 feet above sea level and commands panoramic views to the north and east. A pair of large granite gateposts with globe finials stand at the entrance to the property, on the east side of largely rural and undeveloped Brushy Hill Road. A steep 800-foot-long gravel driveway ascends to the buildings, which cannot be seen from the road.</p><br>
<p>The windows on the lower two stories are trabeated, with granite slab lintels and sills, while the third story is lighted by pointed and round arched two over two windows. Fenestration is irregular, with large triple windows in the south and east elevations on the first and second stories and in the second story of the north facade. On the east and west elevations, other windows are narrow but irregular in size, and are placed diagonally to light interior staircases. There is a slit-like window in the south elevation, and in the west elevation a narrow window with bulls eye art glass. The rear of the building is a two-story, flat-roofed kitchen wing, 18 x 23&#39;, which contains a rear entry.</p><br>
<p>The front entry is trabeated with a granite lintel and features a double-leaf, semi-glazed door with carved Gothic tracery and sidelights which opens onto an entry hall. The hall features paneled wainscoting, cased and studded beams carried on consoles with carved scrolls, and a fireplace with a denticulated and modillioned mantelpiece carried on consoles carved in the shape of lions, all in oak. To the east of the entry hall is the music room, which has molded door and window surrounds and a peach colored marble Neo-Classical fireplace with cable molding, a central carved scallop, and a denticulated mantelpiece carried on consoles. The music room opens onto the dining room to the south. The dining room features cased beams, molded door and window surrounds, paneled doors, and vertical wainscoting, all in pine. The room is lighted by a large triple window in the south elevation. It has a Georgian fireplace of green glazed brick, with a central panel with dentils and modillions. To the west of the dining room is the library, with oak door and window surrounds and a red brick fireplace with a denticulated mantel with a diamond motif. To the rear is the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>A grand staircase ascends from the entry hall to the second story. It is paneled in oak and edged with bead-and-reel molding. Its first landing is lighted by a large triple window set in the curving wall of the west tower. In the upper panes of the window are stained glass panels which depict the Sanford coat-of-arms. Facing the second floor landing is a full-length fireplace of dark green glazed brick, rimmed with studded iron bands and with bead-and-reel and egg-and-dart moldings at the ceiling. In the chimney breast is a niche, also rimmed with studded iron bands, and the lining of the fireplace is cast iron in a pattern of interwoven bands. All of the doors on the second floor are paneled, and the entry to the hallway is arched. There is a second library with fireplace with oak surround and five bedrooms on the floor, including the large master bedroom in the curving north tower. The five servants&#39; bedrooms on the third floor are unornamented.</p><br>
<p>The outbuildings are located on a slight rise to the south of the castle. They include the one-story, four-room, hip-roofed caretaker&#39;s cottage; a hip-roofed carriage house; a hip-roofed water tower; a woodshed, pump-house, and barn, all clad in wood shingles.</p><br>
<p>Today the castle lies in ruin. The wooden interior structure, including the multiple floors, have collapsed, leaving the castle in complete disrepair. It has been fenced off to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Hearthstone Castle is significant as late nineteenth-century country estate centered on an architects interpretation of a medieval castle. Hearthstone Castle and its related Shingle-style outbuildings, which include a caretakers cottage, carriage house, water tower, pump-house and sheds, were constructed as a summer estate between 1895 and 1899 for Elias Starr Sanford and his wife, Emma. Sanford, a Danbury native, achieved success and a national reputation as a society portrait photographer in New York City as a partner in the firm of Davis & Sanford. Following the dissolution of the firm in the early twentieth century, Sanford conducted studios in New Haven, Atlantic City, Philadelphia, Greenwich and Texas. In 1895, at the height of his success, Sanford purchased eighteen acres of woodland at "Mountain End," a rocky promontory that overlooks the southern part of the city of Danbury. Two acres were cleared, but the property was left ungraded except in the immediate vicinity of the building. Construction of the castle commenced in the fall of 1895 and was completed in June 1899. Stone for the castle was quarried on the property and at Collins quarry to the south on Brushy Hill Road, and was transported to the construction site by means of a narrow-gauge railroad.</p><br>
<p>The castles architect was Ernest G. W. Dietrich of New York. A Danbury Evening News article of October 7, 1895, outlines his initial plan for the castle as a seventeen-room, 80 ft × 100 ft building, with its upper story of wood. The same article mentions a 38 ft × 48 ft barn to be constructed with architectural features "corresponding to those of the house," and makes no mention of any other outbuildings. That plans were changed during the course of construction is confirmed by the building of the second story of the castle in stone, with a memorial stone bearing the date "1897" set in the middle of the west elevation, and by the fact that the dimensions of both the castle and the present carriage house are smaller than those stated in the article. A mechanics lien filed in the Danbury land records by Charles Crossley, a local architect and builder, cites "services rendered" between May, 1897, and June, 1899. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that Crossley or a second architect contributed to the castle&#39;s design. Moreover, Dietrich is known to have worked in the Shingle style of the outbuildings, and is noted for his residential architecture. Among his commissions is the Luther Turner House at 213 Migeon Avenue in Torrington.</p><br>
<p>Liens remained on the property until the Sanfords sold it in 1902 to Victor Buck, a retired New York businessman. Mrs. Sanford is reported to have disliked the castle, The Bucks used it as a summer residence until 1923, which it was sold again to Charles Darling Parks. Parks, president of the American Hatters and Furriers Co. and owner of the Tarrywile estate directly to the west of Hearthstone on Brushy Hill Road, is said to have purchased it for his daughter, Irene Parks Jennings Rathmell. Mrs. Rathmell occupied the castle until her death in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Hearthstone Castle is significant not only for its design, which anticipates the better-known castle built in Hadlyme by William Gillette by almost two decades, but for its fine construction and its exceptional preservation as an estate, with all of its major outbuildings intact. It reflects a nineteenth-century taste among newly rich Americans for palatial country residences, as well, as a late Romantic taste for rusticity and exoticism. The estates grounds were left largely in their natural state, and the castle it-self is referred to in the deed from the Sanfords to the Bucks as "the Lodge." The rough quality of the castles fieldstone exterior and the wood-shingled walls of the outbuildings reinforce this emphasis on natural textures and on a harmonious relationship with the wooded, mountaintop site. The spacious, open veranda, from which towns far -to the north could be sighted, provided a setting as well for summer parties.</p><br>
<p>The castle incorporates elements from diverse periods in castle architecture. Its rectangular shape and D-ended towers strongly resemble the early Norman "great tower" castles of Chepstow and Colchester, both of which date from the late eleventh century. The use of corbelled bartizans was common to Scottish castles of the twelfth century. The arched openings of the porte-cochere and the windows appear primitive in part because of their construction, but they also vary in shape from distinctly pointed to distinctly round. The fenestration as a whole represents a compromise between authenticity and modernity. A few narrow medieval-style window slits are irregularly placed diagonally across the west elevation, but large Chicago-style triple windows prevail, and a bull&#39;s eye art glass window is even featured in one of the slits.</p><br>
<p>The interior also represents a compromise between the medieval theme and the nineteenth century. A medieval feeling is carried out fully in the entry hall and grand staircase, but the fireplace and paneled wall treatment are essentially Elizabethan. The rooms receive individual treatments which reach to a Georgian feeling in the dining room, and a restrained Classicism in the music room.</p><br>
<p>Summit Lake in British Columbia may refer to:</p><br>
<p>* In Alberni Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Cariboo Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake (Crooked River)</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Cassiar Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Kootenay Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Lillooet Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Peace River Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Range 5 Coast Land District:</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake</p><br>
<p>* In Yale Land District</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake (Similkameen Division)</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lake (Yale Division)</p><br>
<p>* Queen Charlotte Land District</p><br>
<p>** Summit Lakes</p><br>
<p>The Lock Tender&#39;s House and Canal Store Ruin is located on Canal Road in High Falls, New York, United States. It is a complex along the former route of the Delaware and Hudson Canal built in the middle of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Lock Tenders House is one of the few surviving such structures along the length of the canal in New York or Pennsylvania. The store ruins are also one of the few remnants of the canals ancillary buildings. Both can be seen from a nearby public trail along the canal bed. In 1998 the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house and ruin are located on a wooded half-acre lot on the north side of Canal 0.1 mile (150 m) west of Mohonk Road (Ulster County Route 6A), a short distance south of downtown High Falls. The property slopes down from the road slightly towards the dry bed of the former canal, a National Historic Landmark for its entire length. It is extensively landscaped, with mowed lawns, terraced gardens and 25 mature black locust trees.</p><br>
<p>Some canal facilities remain, including two snubbing posts used to tie up barges in the lock that are considered contributing resources to the National Register listing. The publicly owned Five Locks Walk runs along the other side of the canal, allowing a view of the property. West of the canal bed and walk the area remains wooded and undeveloped. There is another house, and the High Falls firehouse, a short distance down Canal on the same side; across it are woodlots buffering a field.</p><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>The house itself is set 15 ft back from the road. It is a small two-story two-by-two-bay frame structure on a stone foundation with a gabled roof shingled in asphalt. Aluminum siding covers the original clapboard on the exterior. On the west (front) elevation is an enclosed porch with concrete deck. A screened shed-roofed porch is on the west side with a hip-roofed bay window on the east. On the south is a bulkhead entrance to the cellar with unpainted board-and-batten doors.</p><br>
<p>Inside the main entrance, a paired Dutch door with original hardware, is a large main room with a smaller kitchen and dining room. The main room has beaded chair rail and baseboard and windows with original camlocks. Two original paneled doors with thumb latches lead into the other rooms. All are finished with the original 7 to 9 in tongue and groove pine flooring and wall and ceiling plaster. The dining room floor has a tin strip patch.</p><br>
<p>An original wooden stair along the east leads to the upstairs. It has a similar plan, with a large master bedroom complemented by two smaller chambers. As with the first floor, much of the trim is original, with pine flooring and plaster walls throughout and chair rail in the master bedroom. The bedroom doors have original hardware; antique locks were added to the bathroom and closet doors. The original chimney, cut off at the roof line, is also visible on this floor. A small wood hatch leads to the attic, where the sawn rafters of the roof have skip sheathing and no ridge pole.</p><br>
<p>From the first floor, the same stairs lead down to the basement. It has a concrete floor and single pane windows on the north and south. A mortise and tenon frame surrounds a board-and-batten door to the stone steps that lead to the outside bulkhead entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Store ruin</h3><br>
<p>The stone foundation for the canal-operated general store building is to the west of the house and downhill, at the northwest corner of the property. It is 33 by, made of stone walls two feet (61 cm) thick. Two window openings face the canal, with bluestone sills still in place. There are remains of sand mold bricks and brick walls along two sides along with some of the original lintels in the debris. Directly across the canal bed is the stone foundation of the store&#39;s former warehouse.</p><br>
<p>The site has a partial brick floor. It is currently used by the owners as a freestanding patio, with a small set of furnishings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1828, the year of the canal&#39;s opening, local landowner Simeon DePuy (owner of the nearby stone house now used as a restaurant), granted the 93 acre including the grounds of the future house to his daughter Maria Dewitt. Twenty years later, she sold 21.5 of those acres (8.6 ha) to her sister, Sarah Robinson, and her husband Abraham, for $2,250 ($ in contemporary dollars). As part of the same transaction, 5.3 acre were sold to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company for an ongoing expansion of the canal to accommodate larger barges and compete more effectively with railroads, which had not existed when the canal was built to ship anthracite coal from the mines of Northeastern Pennsylvania to New York City via the Hudson River at what is now Kingston.</p><br>
<p>This expansion of capacity required an extensive rerouting at High Falls, taking the canal directly up the slope south of the hamlet. Six new locks, Nos. 15–20, would be necessary to take it up 70 vertical feet (21.3 m) in a quarter-mile (400 m). The small parcel was necessary to build and expand the canal. The company had an easement allowing unlimited access to the property during the construction, and also permitting it to dispose of debris and waste from that work on neighboring properties. A line of leftover scree from that time remains along the canal bed near the house and ruin today.</p><br>
<p>Once the expansion was finished, the land was deeded back to the Robinsons with the exception of the new canal alignment, its towpath (part of which is today the Five Locks Walk) and a half-acre meant to be used as housing for the lock tender. It first appears on the local tax rolls as a "lock house" in 1849, suggesting it was complete and occupied by then.</p><br>
<p>The lock tender&#39;s job was to take barges through the locks and maintain their water level. His salary, based on an 1880 census form, was $576 ($ in contemporary dollars) Since the former could take a long time, and barges could come through as early as 5 a.m. and as late as 10 p.m., two years after the house was built a general store and warehouse were constructed on either side of the canal, allowing barge crews to stock up on provisions for the remainder of a journey that often took two weeks.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Robinson sold her property, which included the warehouse and store, to her sons in 1853. They in turn sold it to Jacob Hasbrouck two years later, and then in 1860 he sold it to Charles Hardenbergh, a farmer and merchant who lived in another nearby Canal Road house. He remained the owner and operator of the store until 1892.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 19th century, the canal, by then a relic of an earlier, pre-industrial age, ceased operations. At that time Esther van Wagenen, an heiress of the Robinsons, bought the half-acre with the lock tender&#39;s cottage. Ten years later, her sister Mary inherited the house. She added the bay window to the dining room during the 1920s, and bequeathed the property upon her death in 1936 to another family member, Cynthia van Wagenen. She bought the store property in 1943, bringing the lot to its present size.</p><br>
<p>Cynthia van Wagenen installed modern forced-air heating in the house in the 1950s, but did not add modern plumbing. After her death in 1961, the house was used as a rental property by her estate for several years and then sold. Subsequent owners drilled a well and added indoor plumbing. One, an avid lock collector, added several period locks to the doors upstairs.</p><br>
<p>The house and ruin, still privately owned, have remained part of the historical attraction of the nearby Five Locks Walk, which follows the towpath. An estimated 4,000 people see it annually. It features on the walking tour of High Falls sponsored by the nearby Delaware and Hudson Canal Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Bacon Hotel, also known as the Sunrise Hotel, is a historic hotel building at the southeast corner of Railroad and Homestead Roads in Whitehall, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a cross-gable roof and a two-story porch extending across its front. The porch is supported by spindled wooden posts, and the front gable end features a large carved sunburst design. There are four guest rooms on each floor; those on the second level are accessed via outside stairs. The hotel was built in 1912, during the areas timber boom, and is one of the few surviving reminders of that period. It is also one of the states finer railroad-era Folk Victorian hotels.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, at which time it had been reported to be functionally vacant since the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The Briceville Community Church is a nondenominational church located in Briceville, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1887, the church served as a center of social life and community affairs for the Coal Creek Valley during the valley&#39;s coal mining boom period in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. In 2003, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its historical role and as an example of rural Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Mining companies identified the coal resources of the Coal Creek Valley in the late 1860s, and by the 1880s a half-dozen mines were in operation throughout the valley. A railroad spur line was completed up the valley to Briceville in 1888, the year after the completion of the Briceville Community Church. The church was used as a temporary jail for prisoners in the aftermath of the Coal Creek War, a labor uprising that began with the seizure of a convict stockade in Briceville in 1891. In the following decade, the church hosted memorial services for the Fraterville Mine disaster of 1902 and the Cross Mountain Mine disaster of 1911, and victims of both disasters are buried in the church&#39;s cemetery. The church housed a Methodist congregation until 1995, and today is still used for various community events.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Briceville Community Church is located on a hill at the southern tip of "Root Hog Ridge," a flank of Vowell Mountain, and is situated near the center of Briceville. This hill rises approximately 20 ft above the surrounding terrain, allowing the church to be visible from almost anywhere in the community. The church stands at the edge of the hill, and the cemetery stretches northward from the rear corner of the church up the hillslope, with several gravestones straddling the treeline along the property&#39;s boundaries. State Highway 116 passes along the base of the hill.</p><br>
<p>The Briceville community is located at the upper end of the Coal Creek Valley, a narrow valley that slices between Walden Ridge and the rugged areas of the Cumberland Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The completion of a railroad line from Knoxville to Coal Creek (modern Rocky Top) in the late 1860s brought about a mining boom in the Coal Creek Valley. In 1888, at the urging of Ohio Senator Calvin Brice, a spur line was built up the valley to Slatestone Hollow, and thus the Slatestone community was renamed "Briceville." The Briceville Community Church was built by volunteers in 1887 on land donated by John Moore. The church was initially nondenominational, but by 1896 had become a Methodist church after Briceville&#39;s Baptist and Presbyterian communities grew large enough to build their own churches.</p><br>
<p>Historian Karin Shapiro credits institutions such as churches for creating a sense of local unity that contributed to the Coal Creek War, a labor uprising that erupted in 1891 over the Tennessee Coal Mining Companys decision to use convict labor to break a strike at its Briceville mine. The conflict began on July 14 of that year, when several armed miners surrounded the companys stockade in Briceville and marched the companys convict laborers out of the valley. Briceville remained at the center of the uprising until it was finally crushed by the Tennessee state militia in August 1892. The Briceville Community Church was used as a temporary jail to hold dozens of miners arrested by the militia in the conflicts aftermath.</p><br>
<p>On June 8, 1902, memorial services led by local doctor and pastor E. S. Dickson were held at the Briceville Community Church for victims of the Fraterville Mine disaster, a mine explosion that killed 216 miners at the Fraterville Mine just north of Briceville. Another mine disaster took place at the Cross Mountain Mine about a mile west of the church on December 9, 1911, killing 84 miners. Many of the victims of this explosion were buried in a circular formation known as the Cross Mountain Miners&#39; Circle on the slopes of Walden Ridge, although several were buried in the Briceville Community Church Cemetery, among them Eugene Ault (1889&ndash;1911), whose monument is inscribed with the "farewell message" Ault had written on a wall of the mine as he lay dying.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, mining companies gradually moved out of Briceville as the nationwide demand for coal plummeted, and membership at the Briceville Community Church began to drop. Between 1947 and 1965, the churchs pastor, Ralph Cline, and church member Anna Mae Evans initiated a number of programs that helped make the community more involved with the church. These included summer Bible school classes, a community Thanksgiving service, and an annual New Years Eve service that ended with the churchs bell being tolled at midnight. It was also under Clines leadership that a fellowship hall was built in the church&#39;s basement. Regular Methodist services continued at the church until June 1995, when the Methodist Church transferred the building to two local trustees. The church is still used for community events such as weddings and funerals, and serves as an evacuation place for Briceville Elementary School (located across the street) in case of emergencies.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Briceville Community Church has painted weatherboard walls, a basement and a gabled roof. The building would be a simple vernacular structure but for the two Gothic Revival-style towers connected at oblique angles to the corners of the facade. Although both towers have louvered belfries and pyramid roofs, the east tower is taller than the west tower, and has a slightly different design. The east tower also contains the church&#39;s bell, which was cast in 1919. A brick chimney behind the west tower was added in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Doors at the base of both towers provide entrances to the churchs sanctuary. The sanctuary has a carpeted wooden floor and oak pews (installed in the 1950s), and has a pulpit with wooden paneling. A set of wooden stairs accesses the churchs basement, which contains a fellowship hall and Sunday school classrooms built in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The churchs cemetery, which is a contributing site in the churchs National Register listing, covers just under an acre on the west and north sides of the church. The cemetery&#39;s oldest marker is that of Henry Mears, who died on March 31, 1891. Most of the markers have an east-west orientation, and are typically commercial slabs or obelisks. Symbolic carvings include Victorian-era symbols such as opened Bibles, praying hands, stars, and doves, as well as symbols for groups such as the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Freemasons.</p><br>
<p>Phellus  is the name of an ancient town of Lycia, now situated on the mountainous outskirts of the small town of Kaş in the Antalya Province of Turkey. The city was first referenced as early as 7 BC by Greek geographer and philosopher Strabo in Book XII of his Geographica , alongside the port town of Antiphellus; which served as the settlement&#39;s main trade front.</p><br>
<p>Its exact location, particularly in regard to Antiphellus, was misinterpreted for many years. Strabo incorrectly designates both settlements as inland towns, closer to each other than is actually evident today. Additionally, upon its rediscovery in 1840 by Sir Charles Fellows, the settlement was located near the village of Saaret, west-northwest of Antiphellus. Verifying research into its location in ancient text proved difficult for Fellows, with illegible Greek inscriptions providing the sole written source at the site. However, Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt details in his 1847 work Travels in Lycia that validation is provided in the words of Pliny the Elder, who places Phellus north of Habessus (Antiphellus&#39; pre-Hellenic name).</p><br>
<h2>Expeditions</h2><br>
<h3>Fellows Expedition</h3><br>
<p>Sir Charles Fellows participated in two largely successful expeditions to Lycia, in 1838 and 1840 respectively. During which, he discovered large settlements such as Xanthos, Tlos, Pinara and Cadyanda in order to map their locations and bring back artifacts for public display in the United Kingdom (specifically The British Museum).</p><br>
<h3>Spratt Expedition</h3><br>
<p>In 1841 the crew of the HMS Beacon, headed by shipmaster Richard Hoskyn, located and traveled to several Lycian archaeological sites under the request of Thomas Graves. Many of the settlements in question had already been discovered by Charles Fellows in the previous year, including the valley of Xanthos, despite the crew being unaware of this fact at the time. The expedition was short in duration, and only accomplished basic surveillance of archaeological sites for the most part. However, the group had initiated the restoration of Cybriatic settlements, including that of Balbura, Podalia, Massicytus and Oenoanda, all of which had been discovered and named by the expedition after journeying into the mainland of the Antalya Province (although Araxa is the more consensually approved name for Massicytus). Hoskyn&#39;s findings and experiences were later documented in the journal for the Royal Geographical Society in 1843.</p><br>
<p>An expedition to the Lycian region under the guidance of vice-admiral Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt was to follow. The group set about continuing the work of Hoskyn and his assistant, W.S. Harvey in the restoration of the archaeological sites discovered by Sir Charles Fellows, with work commencing on recently rediscovered settlements such as Rhodiapolis, Candyba, and indeed, Phellus (among other locations).</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Phellus remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>Summit Lake is a lake in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is about 630 m long and 400 m wide, lies at an elevation of 377 m. The lake is in the Michipicoten River system in the Lake Superior drainage basin, and is the source of the Lochalsh River. There are no primary inflows, and the primary outflow is the Lochalsh River, north towards St. Julien Lake, which flows into Dog Lake and then via the Michipicoten River into Lake Superior. The Algoma Central Railway runs along the east and shore, and the lake lies between Franz, on the line 4 km southwest, and Scully, 5 km north northeast.</p><br>
<p>A second Summit Lake in the Michipicoten River system, Summit Lake (Goudreau, Ontario), lies 28 km southwest.</p><br>
<p>Plumptre Hospital was a charity in Nottingham providing almshouse accommodation for 599 years from 1392 to 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John de Plumptre, Mayor of Nottingham, founded Plumptre Hospital in 1392. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and supported two priests and "thirteen poor women broken down of age and depressed of poverty". It was endowed with 13 properties around the town.</p><br>
<p>In 1414 the number of widows was reduced to seven and he gave the hospital his house, on the site that later became the Flying Horse Inn.</p><br>
<p>In 1650, Huntingdon Plumptre renovated it, raised the rents, and gave the widows a proper allowance: five shillings per month, with sixpence extra at New Year.</p><br>
<p>In the 1750s, another John Plumptre expanded the hospital so it could at last take the full 13 widows. They now received each year £13 10s, a gown and a tonne of coal, and in addition the New Year sixpence.</p><br>
<p>In the garden at the rear there is a plaque on the wall which reads Sufficit Meruisis - it is enough to serve.</p><br>
<p>Although the Plumptre family moved to Kent in 1756, they supported the charity by rebuilding the hospital again in 1823. Additional almshouses were built in Canal Street in 1956. (These were demolished around 2000).</p><br>
<p>By 1991, the charity no longer had the resources to improve Plumptre Hospital and its residents moved to the other almshouses. The building of 1823 was taken over by the Royal National Institute for the Blind in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Inscription</h2><br>
<p>Inscription on the building reads</p><br>
<p>PLUMPTRE HOSPITAL</p><br>
<p>Founded and endowed for the support of a Master, a priest, and thirteen poor Widows,</p><br>
<p>By John de Plumptre, A.D. 1392.</p><br>
<p>Repaired by Huntingdon Plumptre, Esq., 1650</p><br>
<p>By John Plumptre, Esq., A.D. 1751</p><br>
<p>By John Plumptre, his son, A.D. 1753.</p><br>
<p>First stone of the present Hospital was laid on the 1st of August, A.D. 1823,</p><br>
<p>By the Rev. Charles Thomas Plumptre, Rector of Claypole,</p><br>
<p>In Lincolnshire, on behalf of his father, John Plumptre, of Fredville,</p><br>
<p>In the county of Ken, Esq., the Master or Guardian of the said Hospital,</p><br>
<p>And a descendant of the Founder.</p><br>
<p>Palacete Los Moreau is a house museum located in Moca, Puerto Rico. Historically known as the Labadie Mansion, the house inspired Enrique Laguerre to write La Llamarada. The property was restored as a museum and renamed the "Palacete Los Moreau" in honor of Laguerre’s novel. It&#39;s listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Hacienda Iruena Manor House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1893</p><br>
<p>The hacienda was sold to Juan Labadié in 1860. At the time of acquisition the property had an area of 1,300 acres, of which three quarters were planted with coffee. The other quarter was divided between cane, timber and cattle.</p><br>
<p>Juan Labadié lived on the plantation until his death in 1893. His widow, Cornelia Pengeot decided to demolish the old house of wood to build a new one made out of concrete.</p><br>
<p>After the invasion of the island by the United States in 1898, the estate became solely a sugar plantation belonging to Central Coloso.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Plans for the construction of the house started in 1893. The house was designed by Paul Serva, the administrator of the sugar mill "Central Coloso" in Aguada. Serva conceived the design as a Caribbean adaptation of a Chateau in Châteauesque architecture. The main element of the house is the front porch that is flanked by two towers. One of the towers originally housed the library of the house.</p><br>
<h2>La Llamarada</h2><br>
<p>The house, under the name “Hacienda Palmares de la Familia Moreau”, became immortalized in Puerto Rican literature by "La Llamarada", a novel about the Depression-era sugar cane industry written by Puerto Rican author Enrique Laguerre. He describes the house as it existed during the early 20th century, and the Moreau family are largely based upon the Labadies. Laguerre recognized how the novel transformed the house into a legend, "it&#39;s like when a great man dies and literature replaced history and the legend begins."</p><br>
<p>In 1993 the municipality of Moca acquired the property and restored the house calling it "El Palacete Los Moreau" in honor of the novel. The estate is open free of charge to the public. In accordance with his wishes, Laguerre&#39;s body was cremated and his ashes are interred in a small mausoleum on the grounds of the estate.</p><br>
<p>Summit Lake is a lake in Unorganized Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, about 75 km northwest of the community of Nakina, and 22 km northeast of the Auden and Ombabika stops on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental mainline.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Summit Lake is about 5.9 km long and 1.7 km wide, and lies at an elevation of 317 m. The mouth of the Gripp River is at the southeast corner, and there are four unnamed creeks as secondary inflows. The primary outflows are the Ombabika River, at the southwest corner, and the Powitik River, at the north end of the lake; Summit Lake is the source for both. The former river flows into Lake Nipigon and via the Nipigon River into Lake Superior. The latter flows via the Kapikotongwa River, Little Current River, Kenogami River and Albany River to James Bay. Thus, the lake is in both the Albany River system in the James Bay drainage basin, and the Nipigon River system in the Lake Superior (Great Lakes Basin) drainage basin.</p><br>
<p>The Murphy House is a historic Greek Revival style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The two-story masonry building was built for John H. Murphy, a Virginia cotton and slavery merchant who owned a large warehouse at 122 Commerce Street, Montgomery, where slave traders in the 1850s confined slaves until they could be sold at auctions. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John H. Murphy moved his family to Montgomery and had completed this house by 1851. In 1854 the Montgomery Water Works Company was chartered, with Murphy serving as director. Murphy died in 1859, but his family stayed in the residence throughout the Civil War. Documented visitors during this period include Jefferson Davis and William Lowndes Yancey. The house became the headquarters of the Union Provost Marshal during the military occupation of Montgomery in 1865.</p><br>
<p>Little is known about the house following the Civil War. In 1902 the Elks social club bought the house to use as their lodge and maintained it until 1967. In that year they went bankrupt and the house was foreclosed on, later to be sold at public auction. In 1970 the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board purchased and restored the house to serve as their offices. It has remained in the board&#39;s possession to the present day.</p><br>
<p>Camp Hammond is an historic house at 74 Main Street in Yarmouth, Maine. Built in 1889, this large Shingle style is notable for its method of construction, which used techniques more typically applied to industrial mill construction in a residential setting to minimize the spread of fire. George Hammond, the builder, was owner of the nearby Forest Paper Company. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Camp Hammond is located off the north side of Main Street (Maine State Route 115) in Yarmouth&#39;s town center, between the Sacred Heart Catholic Church and the Rowe School. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gambrel roof, shingled exterior, and fieldstone foundation. The roof has three shed-roof dormers, each with differing window shapes and configurations. The main facade, facing roughly south, is divided into three sections. The rightmost section is a rounded bay, with three large sash windows on the first level and two smaller ones on the second. The central section houses the main entrance, flanked by fixed multipane windows, and a three-part window on the second level. The left section houses a tall three-part window on the first floor, and two pairs of windows (mirror-image narrow and wide sash) on the second floor. A porch extends across the left two sections, with a balustrade above; it originally extended farther left to form a porte-cochère, but that has been removed.</p><br>
<p>Built as a summer property by George Hammond, the house is a well-preserved local example of the Shingle Style of architecture. It is more important, however, for its construction method, which is a rare example of a "mill-built" residence, using techniques more commonly found in mill buildings to retard the advance of fire. It is built with heavy timbers, and has no walls with open voids where fire might pass with little notice. These techniques are not unlike construction methods found in First Period colonial housing, with exterior planking and sheathing, and no interior plasterwork. The interior sides of the planking and woodwork were finished, providing the house&#39;s rooms with a certain grandeur. The house was documented in an architectural journal in 1891.</p><br>
<p>Summit Lake is a lake in geographic Shenango Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin about 29 km northwest of the community of Foleyet on Highway 101, and 4 km northwest of the Missonga and 6.7 km southeast of the Oatland railway points on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line , which runs along the entire west side of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Summit Lake is about 1.2 km long and 0.5 km wide, and lies at an elevation of 355 m. There are two unnamed creeks as inflows, at the south and northeast tips of the lake. The primary outflow is Shiners Creek, towards Shiners Lake, at the northwest corner of the lake, which eventually flows via the Nemegosenda River, Kapuskasing River, Mattagami River and Moose River into James Bay.</p><br>
<p>Fort Geldria or Fort Geldaria, located in Pulicat, Tamil Nadu, was the seat of the Dutch Republic&#39;s first settlement in India, and the capital of Dutch Coromandel. It was built by the Dutch East India Company in 1613 and became the local governmental centre in 1616. It was named for Geldria, the native province of Wemmer van Berchem, the General Director of the company. Regularly protected by a garrison of 80 to 90 men, Fort Geldria was the only fortification in the Indian empire; all other positions of the Dutch Company were trading posts.</p><br>
<h2>Dutch ownership</h2><br>
<p>The fort was built on the shores of Pulicat Lake, which provides access to the Bay of Bengal and the Coromandel Coast, an important area for trade and a scene of rivalry between the colonial powers of the Dutch, the Portuguese, and the British. A Portuguese fort had existed previously on the spot, and Fort Geldria was built on its foundations, with the permission of Queen Oboyama, wife of Vijayanagara Emperor Venkatapati Raya, based in Chandragiri Fort, who was supposed to contribute financially and become part-owner. This process, however, proved too slow for the Dutch, and they decided to finance and build it themselves. Local tradition holds that a Dutch ship, stranded in 1606, found aid among a group of expatriate Muslims, and thus began a trade partnership.</p><br>
<p>Within one month of completion, the fort came under attack from a local chieftain, Etheraja. After he was repulsed, the Portuguese attacked the fort from both land and sea but were fought off. The Dutch formed an alliance with the local traders and the Portuguese were kept at bay. The fort, which was supplied by the Gouden Leeuw in 1618 with 130 Dutch soldiers and 32 guns, became a focal point in the local turmoil and provided refuge to people from the Portuguese colonies. In 1619, the chief at Fort Geldria was accorded the title of Governor and Extraordinary Councillor of the Indies. In the second half of the seventeenth century, the fort&#39;s importance as a trading post (it dealt mainly in cotton fabrics) began to decline, due partly to competition with the British but mostly as a result of the southward expansion of the Mughal Empire. By 1689, the government moved to Negapatnam and subsequently to Ceylon.</p><br>
<p>When the directors seat moved, the fort was left with 18 guns and 40 men. The fort was restored in 1714, and was occupied by the British from 1781 to 1785. Fort Geldrias success as a trading post seems unaffected by the changes of power. In 1786, for instance, caravans loaded with merchandise come in every month from places like Golkonda and Suratte and ships sail in from the Red Sea, Goa, and Malabar; there is a lively trade in cotton fabric and a flourishing industry in the dyeing of textiles. A 1792 description of Dutch trading posts in the East reports trade in sugar, arrack, Japanese copper, and spices. In 1795, the Dutch surrendered the fort to the British and blew it up in 1804 or 1805, before finally giving ownership to the British on 1 June 1825.</p><br>
<h2>British, Indian ownership</h2><br>
<p>The British held the fort from 1825 until Indian independence. Fort Geldria is currently maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. with 76 tombstones carved in the Netherlands.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Cove , also known as Villa LeMoyne or the Joseph D. Peet Estate, is a "summer cottage" on the eastern shore of Cazenovia Lake in Cazenovia, Madison County, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The listing includes 4 contributing buildings, 2 non-contributing buildings over a 5.5 acre area. Also on the property is a Tudor-style boathouse.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Cove is "architecturally and historically important as an outstanding early example of the type of large mansions constructed chiefly as summer residences by wealthy clients in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries near the shores of Cazenovia Lake in central New York."</p><br>
<p>Designed by architect George Browne Post, it set a high standard. Other "summer cottages" following included</p><br>
<p>Ormonde, designed by architect Frank Furness; Notleymere, designed by architect Robert W. Gibson; Scrooby, designed by architect Robert S. Stephenson; and Shore Acres, designed by architect Stanford White.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Cazenovia Town Multiple Resource area.</p><br>
<p>Ormonde  is a Shingle Style country house built on the eastern shore of Cazenovia Lake in Cazenovia, New York. It was designed by architect Frank Furness for George R. Preston, a New Orleans banker who settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The 9-bedroom "summer cottage" was originally the centerpiece of a 300-acre (121.4 ha) estate, that was expanded to 400 acres (161.8 ha) early in the 20th century. The carriagehouse and other buildings have since been demolished, and the land subdivided, leaving the main house and boathouse on 2.4 acres (1 ha).</p><br>
<p>The boathouses design is unusual: a square stone ground floor at lakes edge supporting a circular shingled second floor, ringed by a 360-degree deck. It relates to Furnesss Undine Barge Club (1882–83) on Philadelphias Boathouse Row, and the architect&#39;s own summer cottage, Idlewild (c. 1890), in Media, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. In addition to the main house and boathouse, it includes one non-contributing building.</p><br>
<p>Ormonde is "architecturally and historically important as an outstanding early example of the type of large mansions constructed chiefly as summer residences by wealthy clients in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries near the shores of Cazenovia Lake in central New York."</p><br>
<p>It followed Cedar Cove, designed by architect George Browne Post, the first "summer cottage" built on the lake. Others included Notleymere, designed by architect Robert W. Gibson; Scrooby, designed by architect Robert S. Stephenson; and Shore Acres, designed by architect Stanford White.</p><br>
<p>Ormonde is part of the Cazenovia Town Multiple Resource area.</p><br>
